Cities of South America

Россия
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Cities of South America	Lima, Peru	Life in Lima	Government and Economy	Things to see
Things to see				Rio De Janeiro
Rio De Janeiro	Demographics (continued)	Significant Monuments/Markers	Significant Monuments/Markers(cont’d)	Santiago, Chile
Santiago, Chile	Santiago’s Location	History - settlement	City Sprawl	Some Architecture
Some Architecture	Some Architecture	More buildings …	More buildings …	More buildings …
More buildings …	Santiago’s biggest problems	Smog and Decentralization	Brasilia	Facts:
Demographics	Monuments	Monuments	Monuments	Monuments
Monuments	There are two major roadways in the city running east and west	Economics	Medellin, Antioquia	Medellin, Antioquia
Medellin, Antioquia	Medellin, Antioquia	Medellin	Important Information	Important Information
Transportation	Transportation	Medellin and Pablo Escobar	Medellin and Pablo Escobar	Medellin Today
Medellin Today	Salvador, Brazil	Cities of South America	Cities of South America	Salvador - History
Salvador - Geography	Salvador - Geography	Salvador - Geography	Salvador – Geography (continued)	Salvador - Economy
Salvador – Economy (continued)	Salvador - Culture	Salvador - Culture	Salvador - Culture	Salvador – Culture (continued)
Salvador – Culture (continued)	Salvador - People and Places	Salvador - People and Places	Sao Paulo, Brazil	Economic and Political Systems
Demographics	Poverty in Sao Paulo	Santa Cruz, Bolivia	Santa Cruz, Bolivia	Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Santa Cruz, Bolivia	Where is it	Pictures	Pictures	Pictures
Pictures	Buenos Aires, Argentina	About Argentina	Brief History	Important Factors
Important Factors	Maps	Maps	Demographics	Economy
Government	Population Reference Bureau	Thank you very much, that’s all for me

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Cities of South America

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1	Cities of South America.	48	heart of Reconcavo Baiano metropolitan
2	Lima, Peru.		region. One of the distinct features of
3	Odds n Ends. Population in		the city is that it is separated into two
	metropolitan area: 6.4 million (accounts		parts, an “upper city” (cidade alta) and a
	for 1/3 of the nation’s population and		“lower city” (cidade baixa). This is due
	workforce) Total population (2003): 7.9		to an actual difference in elevation. The
	million growing over 4% annually 90%		upper city is located on a “bluff” 230 ft
	Mestizo (mixed European and Native		above the lower city.
	American) with small minorities of whites,	49	Salvador – Geography (continued). The
	blacks, and Asians Capital and largest		lower city is on the waterfront and
	city of Peru (actually 10 times larger		therefore is the commercial and financial
	than its second largest city) It is the		sector of the city. There are docks and
	second oldest capital in South America		warehouses and also a naval base located
	City accounts for 2/3 of entire nations		there. The upper city is the historic
	GDP, tax collections, bank deposits,		sector of the city, containing
	private investments, physicians, and		administrative buildings, cathedrals and
	university students.		colonial architecture. Passage between the
4	Life in Lima. Mass migration of		two is made by cable railways, winding
	Peruvians (“campesinos”) from the rural		roads, and a vertical pedestrian lift
	areas of the Andes to the city in search		known as the Lacerda Elevator.
	of a better life Most of the city is	50	Salvador - Economy. Before the
	occupied by residential areas City’s core		Brazilian Independence in 1823, Salvador
	is filled with high density apartments,		was a major industrial and port city. In
	tenements, and “pueblos jovenes” or		Brazil it was the center for trading sugar
	“barriadas” (shantytowns) Middle and upper		and tobacco, and also the slave trade
	class live farther from the city’s core		during the Portuguese colonial era. Today
	Continuous population increase has led too		the port still plays a major role in the
	much overcrowding and a serious gap		economy, exporting cacao, sisal, soybeans,
	between the rich and poor Overpopulation		and petrochemical products. Also its role
	in these poor squatter settlements has led		as an industrial city has declined, the
	to a shortage of basic necessities such as		local industries still include fishing,
	running water and electricity.		oil and gas extraction, cigar manufacture,
5	Government and Economy. Divided into		an oil refinery, and tourism. Ford Motor
	33 municipal districts – each with an		Company has a plant in the metro area.
	elected mayor and city council Currency:	51	Salvador – Economy (continued).
	Nuevo Sol (1 US Dollar=3.35 Nuevo Sol)		Salvador today is attracting increasing
	Lima dominates the nation’s service		numbers of tourists because of its
	sectors in trade, finance, and retail		setting. Also, in the 1990s, the Bahian
	Majority of imports and exports move		state government restored the Pelourinho
	through city’s Port of Callao (west coast		district, which is located in the historic
	of South America) industries produce		sector of the city in efforts to increase
	textiles, clothing, processed foods, and		tourism further. Northeast Brazil is an
	some machinery and vehicles Has 2 major		impoverished area with high birth rates
	highways which connect Lima with the rest		and infant fatality rates. Salvador is no
	of the country.		exception. Salvador had high crime and
6	How it came to be. Founded January 18,		unemployment rates. The average monthly
	1535 by Francisco Pizarro after he		income in the 1990’s was equivalent to 447
	conquered the great Incan Empire		dollars. Sanitation had also been a
	Originally was named “La Ciudad de los		problem in the poorer neighborhoods of
	Reyes” (The City of Kings) after the		Salvador. 1/3 of people have no sewage
	Christian Feast of the Epiphany where the		hookups or septic systems. Markets are
	Three Kings visited the Christ Child A		also tourist attractions in Salvador, such
	massive earthquake struck the city in 1746		as Sete Portas and Mercado Modela.
	nearly destroying the city completely In	52	Salvador - Culture. One of Salvador’s
	1821 General Jose de San Martin, leader of		distinguishing characteristics is its
	the independence movement of Latin America		presence of colonial architecture in the
	from Spain, took over the city and 5 years		Upper City. One of the buildings located
	later Lima became the capital of the		there is a cathedral, still standing from
	independent nation of Peru.		the year 1572. Many other Baroque-style
7	Things to see.. Beaches were once the		churches are also located there.
	main attraction in the summer; however,	53	Salvador – Culture (continued). 15
	the coastline has become increasingly		Forts from the colonial period are also
	polluted by untreated sewage Plaza de		still standing in Salvador. Salvador is
	Armas is the focal point of city life		also known for the influence of African
	Lima’s cathedral (1746) – glass coffin		culture on the city. Candomble is an
	which is said to contain Pizarro’s remains		Afro-Brazilian religion practiced in
	Government Palace was built on the site of		Salvador. The city has over 1000 Candomble
	Pizarro’s house and is home to the		temples – called terreiros. The
	country’s president Lima’s City Walls –		Afro-Brazilian martial dance of capoeira
	some of which are still standing that were		is also popular in Salvador. Salvador has
	originally built to defend from Pirate		over 350 churches and has been called
	attacks in the 16th and 17th centuries		“Black Rome.” The Carnaval celebration in
	Universidad Nacional de San Marcos (1551)		Salvador is also a tourist attraction.
	– oldest standing university in entire		Many visit to experience the circus and
	western hemisphere.		public street parades and parties that
8	Few more facts: Lima is not known for		happen before Lent. Distinct areas of
	having much open green space or parks as		Salvador are also tourist attractions such
	it has mostly been taken over by buildings		as Pelourinho, and the tourist market
	and residential growth pre-incan ruins		Mercado Modela. Pelourinho district was
	still standing – Pachacamac (“earthmaker”)		built when the city was the economic
	Transportation includes: Taxis/Automobiles		powerhouse of South America, and the
	Inner city busses “Lima Metro” – above		buildings reflect the wealth of the city
	ground mass transit system Transportation		at the time.
	has been a major cause of pollution since	54	Salvador - People and Places. Dorival
	leaded petroleum is still widely used and		Caymnil Gal Costa Gilberto Gil –
	there are no restrictions placed on		equivalent in Brazil to John Lennon or
	automobile efficiency.		Paul McCartney in the U.S. He is a Grammy
9	Rio De Janeiro. Brazil.		Winner and the current Minister of Culture
10	Demographics. Population: 6,051,399		in Salvador. All MPB (Musica Popular
	Ethnic Mix: 70% white, 20% black, 10%		Brasileira) stars. Ruy Barbosa Antonia de
	other Religion: 75% Catholic, 25% other.		Castro Alves, a poet Jorge Amado, a
11	Demographics (continued). Although Rio		novelist. Jorge Amado, a novelist State
	de Janeiro occupies a setting of		University of Bahia Catholic University of
	magnificent natural beauty, poverty and		Salvador Lacerda Elevator – vertical
	urban sprawl have spawned the favelas,		pedestrian lift built in 1873. Replaced in
	densely crowded neighborhoods of flimsy		1928 and now transports 50,000 people
	shacks. In contrast to the more affluent		daily between the upper and lower cities.
	neighborhoods along the city’s southern		Church of St. Francis Church of Third
	beaches, favelas cover many of the city’s		Order of St. Francis Afro-Brazilian
	northern hills.		Museum. Fort of St. Anthony of Barra –
12	Economics. Rio’s harbor is deep enough		built in 1580.
	for the largest vessels to come alongside	55	Salvador – Important Facts. Also known
	the wharves, which lie near the city		as Bahia for a long time. 4th largest city
	center. Through the port flows the major		in Brazil Salvador had a population of
	portion of Brazil’s imports and exports.		2,631,831 people in 2004. Major religions
	Rio is also a distribution center for the		are Catholicism, Candomble, Protestantism,
	coastal trade.		Espiritism, and recently Mormons. It is
13	Economy (continued). The city’s		common for individuals to practice pieces
	manufactures include textiles, foodstuffs,		of more than one religion. Salvador’s
	household appliances, cigarettes,		population has been growing as
	chemicals, leather goods, metal products,		country-side dwellers move into the city.
	and printed material. There are also two		Brazil’s oldest city. 450th Birthday in
	major airports. Rio’s climate is warm and		2000. Gross Domestic Product per capita:
	humid and is a success by being a major		4,309 Reals. Gross Domestic Product:
	tourist center.		10,738,802 thousand Reals. Making up most
14	History. Rio De Janeiro is a city of		of the GPD is services with 8,229,247
	southeast Brazil on Guanabara Bay, an arm		thousand Reals.
	of the Atlantic Ocean. According to	56	Sao Paulo, Brazil.
	tradition, it was first visited in January	57	History of Sao Paulo. The city was
	1502 by Portuguese explorers who believed		founded in 1554 by Jesuit Missionaries
	Guanabara Bay to be the mouth of a river.		Later was established as a simple urban
	Therefore named the city Rio De Janeiro		outpost for coffee barons up until the
	“River of January”.		20th century Officially became a city in
15	History (continued). It became capital		1711 Many immigrants from Japan, Germany,
	of the colony of Brazil in 1763. The		Italy, Arabia, and Spain came to work at
	Brazilian empire in 1822. And of the		the large coffee plantations scattered
	independent country in 1889. In 1960 the		through the city Sao Paulo grew in
	capital was transferred to Brasilia.		industrial strength around the turn of the
16	Significant Monuments/Markers. The		century which caused the city to expand
	Statue of Christ the Redeemer. Located at		rapidly due to immigration.
	the top of Corcovado Mountain in Tijuca	58	Economic and Political Systems. Sao
	National Park. This great statue stands		Paulo has a diverse economy centered
	2330 feet tall, holding the city of Rio in		around its large industrial and commercial
	his arms. This is one of the most famous		center Close to one half of the country’s
	and most visited monuments in the world.		industrial output comes from the city of
17	Significant Monuments/Markers(cont’d).		Sao Paulo Sao Paulo State accounts for
	Sugar Loaf Mountain is one of the more		over ? of the country’s output of
	spectacular tourist attractions in Rio de		machinery, electrical goods, and rubber
	Janeiro. The two mountains of Sugar Loaf		Democratic government with one president,
	are located between Guanabara Bay and		very similar to the United State’s
	Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro. The		Political system Luiz In?cio da Silva is
	view from the peak of Sugar Loaf, 1,296 ft		the current president.
	(395m) above sea-level.	59	Demographics. The city has an area of
18	Santiago, Chile.		575 sq. miles A population of 10.9 Million
19	Santiago’s Location.		Largest city in Brazil (near second
20	History - settlement. Santiago began		largest in the world based on population)
	as a fortified encampment known as		20 million people live in the greater
	Santiago de La Nueva Extremadura., it was		metropolitan area of Sao Paulo.
	the furthest outpost in the Spanish empire	60	Social Aspects. Sao Paulo is home to
	at the time. Founded in 1541 by		the University of Sao Paulo Has a major
	conquistador Pedro de Valdivia Araucanian		art museum known as MASP Major symphonic
	Indians destroyed the settlement and the		orchestra known as OSESP Grand Prix race
	Spaniards were besieged for two years. The		track called Interlagos World’s largest
	eventual arrival of reinforcements from		private-owned sports stadium Sao Paulo
	Peru enabled the city to be re-founded and		also takes part in the Carnival
	Santiago settled.		celebrations that go on all throughout
21	Population growth. Late 1600		South America (much like Mardi Gras).
	settlement of 200 houses, with about 700	61	Entertainment. Many shopping malls
	Spaniards Early 1900’s had a population of		such as Shopping Morumbi, Sao Paulo
	30,000 1950 1.33 million 1970 2.84 million		Marketplace, Shopping Eldorado, and Jardin
	2005 6.2 million (40% of Chile’s		do Sul Embu is a nearby city with many
	population).		street vendors who sell a diverse array of
22	City Growth. In the beginning		art Chohoscorias are famous for their
	Haciendas or great farms were the		barbeque type menu and unique setting.
	background of the city After independence	62	Poverty in Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo has a
	from Spain in 1818, Santiago became		major problem with Poverty Approximately
	capital of Chile and emerged as the most		1,500,000 people now live in favelas
	economically dynamic City of the new South		(shanty towns) in Sao Paulo and
	American republics Growth of the country's		surrounding areas Crime has suddenly
	agriculture and mining industries served		increased, and kidnappings and robbery are
	to boost Santiago's status and, throughout		relatively common in the city.
	the 19th and 20th centuries, the city	63	Ethnic Groups in Sao Paulo. Of the
	experienced large-scale immigration from		approx. 11 million people in Sao Paulo the
	Europe.		breakdown is as Follows: 3 million
23	City Sprawl.		descendents of the Portuguese 3 million
24	Economy. Leading producing and		descendents of Italian 3 million
	exporter of Copper. Accounts for ? of		descendents of African heritage 1 million
	country’s exports One of three big		Japanese (largest pop. Outside of Japan) 1
	financial centers in South America along		million German.
	with Buenos Aires and S?o Paulo Some	64	Rapid Population Growth. From a
	Companies that have South American		population of merely 32,000 people in
	headquarters in Santiago: HP, Reuters, JP		1880, Sao Paulo has grown considerably in
	Morgan, Coca Cola, Intel, Motorola, Kodak,		the last century In 1980, the population
	Nestle, and IBM.		was at 8.5 million Today, the population
25	Some Architecture.		is close to 11 million Urban sprawl is
26	More buildings …		evident in the first slide with the
27	Santiago’s biggest problems. Because		picture of Sao Paulo taken by satellite.
	of being located in a valley its	65	Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
	geographic location is Unfavorable for air	66	Where is it? Santa Cruz lies 416
	dispersal. To reduce air pollution the		meters above sea level and is located in
	city has restricted the operation of motor		central Bolivia near the Piray River, in
	vehicles, keeping 1/5th of all vehicles in		the tropical llanos (plains) region east
	Santiago off the street each day.		of the Andes Mountains.
	Government has also Offered incentives for	67	History of Santa Cruz. The land where
	heavy industry to move out of the city.		Santa Cruz was founded on was inhabited by
28	Smog and Decentralization. The		the ancient Aymar? civilization, who lived
	government is now decentralizing Santiago		on Lake Titicaca. Later, this civilization
	due to its rapid and high growth rates. It		was conquered by the Incas, who were
	is promoting out-migration to neighboring		themselves conquered by the Spanish in
	townships, the countryside, other cities		1538. Throughout the country’s colonial
	and reducing in-migration to the city. It		history, it was known as Upper Peru. Simon
	also has some of the best mass-transit		Bolivar led the country to independence in
	systems to help reduce pollution. It has a		1825. In its early years, independent
	clean and safe subway system, one of the		Bolivia was ruled by a succession of
	most extensive Bus services, and plenty of		caudillos (military dictators) who tried,
	taxicabs. All of these systems are being		with mixed success, to integrate the
	upgraded and improved to help with growth.		country’s three disparate regions – the
29	Demographics. Population growth rate:		central region, the eastern Andes and the
	1.27% 6.2 million *1.27 = 75,000 peeps per		Altiplano – into a national entity. The
	year Economic Growth Rate: 6% GDP increase		city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra was
	projected for 2005 and 2006 Age structure:		founded by ?uflo de Ch?vez on February 26,
	0-14 years: 28% 15-64 years: 65% 65 years		1560.
	and over: 7% Ethnic groups: white and	68	Important Facts. Total Population:
	white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other		1,364,389 Full Name of the city is Santa
	2% Religions: Roman Catholic 89%,		Cruz de la Sierra It is the Capital of the
	Protestant 11%, Jewish Literacy: Total		Santa Cruz Department(or State) Is
	population: 95.2% Those in Poverty: around		considered the fastest growing city in
	17%, down from recent years, but very		Bolivia.
	high.	69	Economy. •Santa Cruz is a trade and
30	Brasilia. The capital of Brazil and		processing center for sugar, rice, cotton,
30	model of urban planning.		fruit, soy, and corn. •Has a strategic and
31	Facts: Brasilia was planned for only		commercial importance because of its
	500,000 inhabitants, its population has		central location. •There are also
	grown much more than expected. Due to		natural-gas reserves and an oil refinery
	zoning laws and the basic layout, the		nearby. •Important industries are leather
	majority of the population lives outside		crafting, sugar refining, and alcohol
	the city limits in the 9 lower income		production. •A rail line gives the city
	satellite cities. Brasilia was the most		access to both the Atlantic and Pacific
	famous new capital cite of the twentieth		oceans.
	century. It is a land mark in the history	70	Culture. The predominant religion is
	of town planning. The government		Roman Catholic, but there is a scattering
	constructed the city on an undeveloped		of other Christian faiths. Indigenous
	site during the late 1950’s and the early		Bolivians, however, have blended
	1960’s to encourage settlement in the		Catholicism and their traditional beliefs.
	inland regions of Brazil. Ranked the 17th		An example is the near synonymous
	largest metropolitan area in 1996.		association of Pacha Mama (Mother Earth)
32	Demographics. Ethnic Division:		and the Virgin Mary. Spanish is the
	Caucasian = 55% Mixed Caucasian &		official language throughout Bolivia,
	Africans = 38% Africans = 6% Other = 1%		although only 60-70% of the population
	Population: In 2005= 2,176,000 Population		speaks it, and then often as a second
	Growth Rate: 1.28% Religion: Roman		language. The indigenous languages of
	Catholic =70% Languages: Portuguese		Quechua and Aymara are the preferred
	(official), Spanish, English, and French		languages. When bargaining in rural
	Male to Female Ratio: Males = 52% Females		markets, a Quechua word or two will not
	= 48%.		only endear you to the vendors, but
33	Monuments. The Cathedral Metropolitan.		usually get you an extra orange or more
	JK Memorial. The Congress. Juselino		juice! Several other small indigenous
	Kubitschek Bridge. The head of Brazilian		groups speak their own languages. English
	president Juselino Kubitschek.		is understood in the best hotels and in
34	History. In the 18th century, Brazil’s		airline offices and travel agencies, but
	governing authorities decided to transfer		it's of little use elsewhere. Bolivian
	the capital from Rio de Janeiro to an		food consists mainly of meat, corn
	empty inland area safe from naval attacks.		pancakes, rice, eggs and vegetables. Local
	They agreed to move the capital to		specialties include pique a lo macho,
	Brasilia, which is a plateau carved out of		grilled beef and sausage; lech?n, suckling
	the state of Goias. Construction began in		pig; and cuy, whole roasted guinea
	1956 by landscape architecture Lucio Costa		pig-however, some delicacies may only be
	and was completed on April 21st, 1960. He		for the most adventurous stomachs.
	used a “Pilot Plan”, which features two		Religious Affiliations of the population
	great intersecting axes. One for		of Santa Cruz Catholic: 1,046,463 - 76.6%
	governmental and the other for		of the city’s population Evangelical:
	residential, together they form a rough		136,993 Others: 14,505 None: 28,564 Not
	outline of an airplane. East = Federal		Specified: 100,512.
	government buildings. The central	71	Major Landmarks/Attractions. Pira?
	intersection of important boulevards = Bus		River: The riverbanks are often the spot
	terminals and hotels. West = More hotels,		for weekend picnics. Municipal Zoo: One of
	a sports arena, and a recreational		the best zoos in South America, features
	facility. North and South = Residential		birds, reptiles, mammals, from the region
	areas, composed of six storied apartment		as well as endangered and exotic species.
	buildings. Every fourth block there is a		Plaza 24 de Septiembre: Ideal for relaxing
	school, playground, shops, theaters, and		and watching sloths hanging in the tall
	more.		trees. The Cathedral: Located on the Plaza
35	There are two major roadways in the		14 de Septiembre, the cathedral dates back
	city running east and west. The monuments		to the early 1600's. The cathedral museum
	and public buildings are located along the		displays religious art work, gold and
	roadways. The railroad runs north and		silver artifact from the Jesuit missions.
	south in a curving line, intersecting the		Museo de Historia Natural: Display a
	bus terminal. The goal was to use modern		collection of flora and fauna of the
	design and lots of land to contrast		region.
	earlier cities, seen to be plagued by	72	Landmarks (Continued). Lomas de Arena
	chaotic urban growth. The city was seen to		de El Palmar: Located 16 Km south of Santa
	be sterile and overly controlled.		Cruz these large sand dunes and fresh
36	Economics. Driven by the Federal		water lagoons are ideal for weekend
	Government, which employs most of the		picnics and swimming. Parque Nacional Noel
	cities workers, with 42% in services, 31%		Kempff Mercado: Really worth seeing, this
	in agriculture, and 27% in the industry.		spectacular natural park, about 440 Km
	Small scale industry, food services, and		northeast of Santa Cruz, has an incredible
	construction are also important.		scenery of waterfalls, rivers, rainforests
	Agricultural products include coffee,		and a wide variety of flora and fauna
	soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane,		(alligators, pink dolphins, caimans, river
	cocoa, citrus, and beef.		otters, tapirs, spider monkeys, etc.).
37	Positive Aspects: The city is not		Jesuit Missions: From Santa Cruz, east
	threatened by any kind of natural		across the R?o Grande, this circuit of
	disaster. Good climate and sunny days are		Jesuit missions. founded between 1696 and
	very common. Many and large green areas in		1760, composed by the mission of San
	the pilot plan. Virtually no air		Javier, San Ram?n, San Ignacio,
	pollution. Negative Aspects: It is not a		Concepci?n, San Rafael, Santa Ana, and San
	walking city, the distance between		Jos? de Chiquitos were declared
	building and sectors require a vehicle.		"World Heritage" by the UNESCO
	Housing prices are very high, compared to		World Heritage Committee on December 12,
	other Brazilian cities. Public		1990 in Alberta, Canada. El Fuerte de
	transportation is inefficient. Very few		Samaipata: (Fortress) 120 Km southwest
	people are found on the streets. The newer		from Santa Cruz, the entire Inca ruins
	satellite towns have very few green areas.		complex of around 40 hectares was declared
	Many of the famous buildings are beautiful		"World Heritage" by the UNESCO
	but not functional.		World Heritage Committee on December, 2nd
38	Medellin, Antioquia.		1998 in Kyoto, Japan.
39	Medellin. Capital of Antioquia, a	73	Pictures.
	province of northeastern Colombia,	74	Buenos Aires, Argentina.
	bordering Panama and the Caribbean Sea.	75	About Argentina. 21 Provinces
	Located in the Aburra Valley, at an		4,466,896 sq. mi. Population of 37 Million
	altitude of about 1,500 meters. The Rio		11 Million of which are in Buenos Aires
	Medellin River flowing northward, bisects		“Pampas” fertile farming ground.
	the city. The San Lucas Mts. and the	76	Brief History. 1536- Founded by
	Caucas River are located to the East of		Spaniards looking for Gold 1580- Permanent
	Medellin. Medellin has an average annual		Spanish Settlement 1617- Given its own
	temp. of 24 degrees C.		Governor in and had provincial status
40	Brief History. 1675: Medellin was		1776- Capital of New Viceroy controlled
	founded. 1862: Medellin became the capital		Territory 1810- Severed from Spanish
	of Antioquia. 1951-1973: Population of		Empire, establishes its own government
	Medellin nearly quadrupled due to		1862- Capital of Argentina 1880-
	immigration from the countryside.		Federalization, Beginnings of
	1970-1980: Economy began to deteriorate.		Urbanization.
	Urban planning was unable to control urban	77	Important Factors. Most European of
	growth and city expanded onto the slopes		all Latin American Cities Known as the
	of the surrounding Aburra mountains.		“Paris of South America” Wide Boulevards,
	Ongoing process of de-industrialization		Leafy Parks, Grand Architecture, and lots
	led to accelerated process of urban decay.		of Monuments 47 barrios, each one with its
	1980-1990: Medellin became headquarters		own distinct flavor and culture.
	for Colombian drug cartel led by Pablo	78	Porte?os Population. Population Area
	Escobar. The drug cartels were tolerated		Sq. Mi. Pop. Per Sq. Mi. Capital Federal-
	by government because it helped attenuate		2,904,000 77 37,638 Inner Suburbs
	economic crisis. The huge influx of money		5,202,000 360 14,436 Outer Suburbs
	generated expectations of quick		3,094,000 633 4,886 Urbanized Area
	improvement in living conditions. New		11,200,000 1,070 10,467 Buenos Aires is
	migration pattern developed. Gated		ranked 4th in the world’s highest urban
	communities were built on the flat terrain		populations, behind only Shanghai, Bombay,
	in the city by rich. Poor moved out higher		and Karachi. When considering metropolitan
	into the Aburra mountains. 1990-2000:		area however, it falls to 17th.
	Crime and assassinations grew to an all	79	Maps.
	time high. The state finally made efforts	80	Demographics. Only .05% inhabitants of
	to cut the power of the Medellin cartel.		Buenos Aires are of Native Decent Most
	Led to civil war, government vs. drug		Porte?os are of Spanish or Italian Decent,
	cartel. Reputation of city suffered		though there are also sizeable percentages
	internationally, it became known for		of German, Arab, Jewish, Armenian,
	uncontrollable drugs and violence. War		Anglo-Irish, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese
	ended with assassination of Pablo Escobar		Italian and German names outnumber Spanish
	in 1993. The city began to recover and		ones 96% Catholic.
	rebuild itself.	81	Economy. Buenos Aires is the
41	Important Information. Medellin is the		financial, industrial, commercial, and
	second largest city in Colombia. It has a		cultural hub of Argentina. Its port is one
	population of almost 2 million people.		of the busiest in the world; navigable
	Ethnic groups: Mestizo 58%, white 20%,		rivers connect it to the Argentine
	mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed		North-East, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay.
	black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%. Major		As a result, it serves as the distribution
	exports: coffee, cut flowers,petroleum,		hub for a vast area of the south-eastern
	coal, apparel, and bananas. Medellin has a		region of the continent. Agricultural
	literacy rate of 91.3%. Spanish is the		products such as meat, grain, dairy,
	dominant language, and Roman Catholic is		tobacco, wool, and hide from pampas.
	the main religion. Best known event is the		Industries include automobile
	Flower Festival, where citizens celebrate		manufacturing, oil refining, metalworking,
	the cut flower business, which supplies		machine building, and the production of
	around 70% of the flowers imported by the		textiles, chemicals, clothing, and
	U.S.		beverages.
42	Transportation. One of the major	82	Government. Political Instability from
	improvements for transportation in		1945-1983 La Guerra Sucia and the
	Medellin was the addition of the Medellin		10,000-30,000 Disaparecidos Distrust in
	Metro. Built in 1995, it was actually the		National Government Today Three Branch
	first subway to be built in Colombia. The		style similar to US Gobernador Felipe Sol?
	main airport serving Medellin, is the Jose	83	Population Reference Bureau.
	Mario Cordoba International Airport.	84	Thank you very much, that’s all for
43	Medellin and Pablo Escobar. Pablo	84	me.
	Escobar is one of the most notorious names	85	Bogot?, Colombia.
	associated with Medellin. His drug cartel	86	Origins. Founded in 1538 by Jimenez de
	penetrated the economic, socio-cultural,		Quesada as capital of New Granada Was
	and political spheres of the city. He		known as the “Athens of America” Jose
	practically owned Medellin in the 80’s.		Acevedo y Gomez led the first successful
	Estimates are that his drug cartel was		revolt in 1810. After Bolivar’s decisive
	taking in an estimated $25 billion		victory in 1819, Bogot? became the capital
	annually in the 80’s. Seen as a type of		of Greater Colombia.
	Robin Hood to the people of Medellin. He	87	Origins, cont. When the country
	built stadiums and gave money to the poor.		divided in 1830, Bogot? became the capital
	In return they served as lookouts and hid		of what we know today as Colombia. Much of
	information from the authorities. Once		the city was damaged by rioting in 1948,
	estimated by Forbes magazine to be the		after the assassination of radial leader
	seventh-richest man in the world, with		Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. In 1955 Bogot? and
	Medellin cartel controlling 80% of the		the surrounding area were organized as a
	world’s cocaine market. In 1991, Escobar		“Special District”, which became the
	turned himself in for fear of extradition		“Capital District” in 1991.
	to the U.S. Escobar was killed in 1993	88	Demographics. Population of roughly
	after he escaped from prison.		7.8 million people Located at altitude of
44	Medellin Today. Today, Medellin is		8660 feet above sea level at the base of
	experiencing an urban and economic		two mountains in the Northern Andean
	renaissance. In 2003, 1.2 million square		Range. Population is currently increasing
	meters of property were developed into		at rate of 5% per year, mostly due to
	hotels, new housing, and office buildings.		rural residents flocking to the city.
	The city’s transportation network is a		Currently, the urban area covers 384.3
	model for the rest of the Andes.		square kilometers.
	Universities and hospitals are top tier,	89	Religions. 97% Christian Other
	with doctors being credited for such		religions observed include: Islam Judaism
	triumphs as the first kidney transplant in		Primal/Indigenous Secular.
	Latin America. The city still experiences	90	Economy. Bogot? is Columbia’s largest
	crime, but nowhere near as bad as past		economic center, and it’s residents refer
	decades. The 2 million residents of		to Bogot? as Colombia’s “first city”. It
	Medellin have never been more prosperous,		is home to most foreign companies doing
	with profits from exports triple what it		business in Colombia, as well as
	was in the 90’s.		Colombia’s main stock market. Three
45	Salvador, Brazil.		largest sectors of Bogot?’s economy are
46			the export of coffee, emeralds, and
47	Salvador - History. Founded in 1549 by		flowers.
	Portuguese settlers led by Thome de Souza.	91	More on the Economy… Colombia’s coffee
	Salvador was the major port of Brazil		is prized as the finest in the world, and
	during the Portuguese colonial rule,		it is the world’s largest producer of the
	leading in sugar export and slave trade.		product. In downtown Bogot?, millions of
	Salvador was the first capital of Brazil		dollars of domestically produced rough and
	until 1763 when Rio de Janeiro took its		cut emeralds are bought and sold daily As
	place. Seat of the 1st Catholic Bishop of		much as 55% of all flowers sold in the
	Brazil in 1552, and is still an		United States are imported from Colombia.
	ecclesiastical center of power for	92	Culture. Bogot? is home to several
	Brazilian Catholicism. 1583 Salvador’s		universities: Universidad del Rosario, the
	population was at 1600, making it one of		oldest in Colombia National University of
	the largest cites of the New World at the		Colombia Los Andes University Pontifical
	time. Even at the time of the American		Javerian University Universidad Externado
	Revolution in 1776 Salvador’s population		de Colombia University of Santo Tomas.
	was greater than any American colonial	93	Festivals. Festival Iberoamericano de
	city. 1624 Salvador was taken by the		Teatro Most important theatre festival in
	Dutch, but soon recaptured by the		Latin America and Spain. Bogot?’s
	Portuguese the next year. Salvador was		Half-Marathon International marathon that
	also the center for the Brazilian		takes place between June and August, with
	independence movement. On September 7th,		200 million pesos in prizes La Candelaria
	1882, liberation was attained. 1948		A neighborhood of Bogot? where a great
	population was 340,000 1991 population was		number of cultural events occur. It is
	2.08 million. The Church of Saint Francis.		home to several of Bogot?’s universities.
48	Salvador - Geography. Salvador is	94	Transportation. Bogot? is a modern
	located on a Peninsula on the Atlantic in		city with a modern transportation system
	northeast Brazil. The city is on the Baia		consisting of: Airlines Busses Taxis The
	de Todos os Santos, or “The Bay of All		Transmilenio A train that serves the
	Saints.” The topography is predominately		outskirts of the city.
	hill and valley. Salvador is also at the
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