Comparing of Radiation and Chemical Risks in the Russian Arctic Region |
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1 | Comparing of Radiation and Chemical | 17 | nuclear industry in the USSR and Russia |
Risks in the Russian Arctic Region. V.P. | for 50 years (data of SSC “Institute of | ||
Kisselev , R.V. Aroutiounian, I.I. Linge, | Biophysics”, March 2001). * - excluding | ||
A.A. Sarkissov. | local radiation injury at SPA«Mayak» in | ||
2 | Radiation safety assessment for the | 1949-1956. | |
population of Russia is based on data and | 18 | Напряженность экологической ситуации. | |
scientific observations of: “Comprehensive | 19 | Риски смерти для населения городов | |
analysis of radiation and chemical risks | Севера от загрязнения атмосферного воздуха | ||
for the population of Russia” IBRAE RAS ; | взвешенными веществами. Город. | ||
Federal targeting programme “Nuclear and | Индивидуальный годовой риск. Архангельск. | ||
radiation safety of Russia" and | 1,6 *10-4. Воркута. 2,8*10-4. Мончегорск. | ||
appropriate subprograms ; Federal | 2*10-4. Никель. 2*10-4. Норильск. | ||
targeting programme on overcoming the | 2,8*10-4. | ||
consequences of the Chernobyl accident and | 20 | Ecological portrait of nuclear energy | |
the South Ural accident; Official data of | technologies of the USSR / RUSSIA is | ||
the Ministry of Health of the Russian | characterised by four components: 1. | ||
Federation, RAMS, Goskomecology of Russia, | Ecological problems, accumulated at the | ||
Rosgidromet of Russia, RAAS, Minatom of | initial stage of the nuclear weapons | ||
the Russian Federation, UNSCEAR, NEA OECD, | creation. That period was characterized by | ||
WHO, IAEA. www.ibrae.ac.ru. | the highest priority of necessity to | ||
3 | Действующие АЭС России (2001 г. - 22,2 | provide, in a short period, a parity of | |
ГВт). 15%. 20%. 29%. 39%. 29%. Западная | the USSR and USA nuclear potential, the | ||
Европа – 43% Франция – 76% США – 19%. | forced “on the run” improvement of | ||
Западная Европа – 43% Франция – 76% США – | technologies, lack of knowledge concerning | ||
19%. Доля АЭС в мощности всех | the problems of radiation safety and | ||
электростанций - 11%. Россия. Европейская | radioecology. 2. Ecological consequences | ||
часть (с Уралом). Центр. Северо-запад. | of the accidents and incidents for the | ||
Поволжье. Территория. Билибинская – 0,05 | population and personnel as well as the | ||
ГВт. Кольская – 1,8 ГВт. Доля в 2000 году | environment for the entire operation | ||
выработки электроэнергии на АЭС, %. | period of the nuclear complex of the | ||
Ленинградская – 4 ГВт. Калининская – 2 | USSR/RUSSIA. 3. Ecological risks of the | ||
ГВт. Смоленская – 3 ГВт. Нововоронежская – | modern nuclear technologies in the | ||
1,8 ГВт. Балаковская – 4 ГВт. Курская – 4 | projected operation mode in comparison | ||
ГВт. Белоярская – 0,6 ГВт. Ростовская –1 | with other man-caused ecological risks. 4. | ||
ГВт. | Assessment of potential ecological safety | ||
4 | Actual Sources of Technogenic | of the nuclear technologies in the future | |
Radionuclides. The Arctic Region. The Far | taking into account the perspectives of | ||
Eastern region. | the large-scale development of nuclear | ||
5 | Мощность сброса 137Cs из завода | power engineering. The place of nuclear | |
Селлафилда и концентрации этого | power engineering in realisation of the | ||
радионуклида в Баренцевом море. | steady development strategy. | ||
6 | Типичные данные об активности | www.ibrae.ac.ru. | |
долго-живущих радионуклидов в ОЯТ | 21 | Exposure doses for the population | |
реакторов АПЛ «Курск» и в реакторе АЭС с | around the plants of Minatom of the | ||
ВВЭР-1000, МКи. 137Cs. 90Sr. 239PU. | Russian Federation in 1993 - 1996 UNSCEAR | ||
7 | Суммарная активность твердых | report - 2000 . Plant. Plant. Exposed | |
радиоактивных отходов (кКи), затопленных в | population (Ths. people). Exposed | ||
арктических морях, Северной Атлантике и на | population (Ths. people). Annual effective | ||
Дальнем Востоке. | dose mSv/y. Annual effective dose mSv/y. | ||
8 | Средние концентрации естественных | Annual effective dose mSv/y. Life risk for | |
радио-нуклидов в морской воде и в | the population. Life risk for the | ||
гидробионтах, Бк/л или Бк/кг сырого веса | population. External. Internal. Total. SPA | ||
(НКДАР=2001). 40K. 14C. 3H. 7Be. 87Rb. | «Mayak». 320. 0.01. 0.10. 0.11. 5.5х10-6. | ||
210Pb. 210Po. 226Ra. 234U. Радио-нуклид. | MCC. 200. 0.03. 0.02. 0.05. 2.5х10-6. SCC. | ||
Морская вода. Водные растения. | 400. 0.0004. 0.005. 0.0054. 3х10-7. | ||
Ракооб-разные. Мол-люски. Рыба. 11-13. | Natural background – 2-2.5 mSv/year | ||
90-350. 40-240. 60-270. 90-150. 0,007. 11. | Medical procedures – 1-3 mSv/year. | ||
22. 18. 15. 0,01-0,11. 0,01-0,1. 0,01-0,1. | 22 | Carcinogenic risks at normative levels | |
0,01-0,1. 0,01-0,1. 0,002-0,63. 0,1. | for permissible concentrations for most of | ||
0,003. 4-26. 1,5-2,5. 0,2-0,4. 0,2 | regulated substances reach very high | ||
(0,1-4,8). 0,002. 15-63. 40-100. 15-41. 2 | values. S.M.Novikov, B.N.Porfiriev, | ||
(0,1-53). 0,001. 0,7. 0,1. 0,1-1. 0,1. | O.V.Ponomareva Consulting Center on risk | ||
0,05. 1-2. 0,25-0,5. 0,5-1,5. 0,03. 0,04. | assessment, Moscow, Report of IBRAE RAS, | ||
0,8-1,9. 0,2-0,4. 0,4-1,2. | 2000. | ||
9 | 23 | Individual annual risks of death. ^. - | |
10 | - Units without Spent Fuel. Potential | Hypothetical risks of death for small | |
Contaminants of the Environment Resulting | doses within the framework of linear | ||
from Nuclear Submarine Utilization. - | nonthreshold concept ^ - 6 men*months per | ||
Units Containing Spent Fuel. Nuclear Fleet | 1 death. | ||
Maintenance Infrastructure. Working Stage | 24 | Effect of contaminated air on the | |
of Utilization. Decommissioned Nuclear | population health in Western Europe | ||
Submarines. Reactor Compartments at | (Austria, France and Switzerland) *. | ||
Long-Term Storage Centers. Three- and | Results. 6% of annual death rate (40,000 | ||
Multi- Compartment Floating Units. | cases) is caused by air pollution. About | ||
Defueled Nuclear Submarines. Nuclear | half of all deaths connected with air | ||
Submarines with Damaged Power Reactor | pollution, is due to motor transport, | ||
Facilities. NS Dismanling at Shipyards. | which is responsible for more than 25,000 | ||
Non-Defueled Nuclear Submarines. NS | new cases of chronic bronchitis (for | ||
Coastal Servicing Enterprises. NS Floating | adults), above 290,000 cases of bronchitis | ||
Servicing Enterprises. | (children), above 0.5 million of asthma | ||
11 | Основные радиационно-опасные объекты. | cases and above 16 mln. man-day of | |
12 | Potential Sources of Technogenic | restricted activity. *N. Kunzli, R. | |
Radionuclides. The Arctic Region. The Far | Kaizer, S. Medina et al. «The Lancet», | ||
Eastern region. | V.352, September 2, 2000, pp.795. | ||
13 | Транспортировка ОЯТ. Безопасность | 25 | Results: Total individual cancerogenic |
перевозок ОЯТ и радиоактивных материалов, | risk: 2.8 ?10-3 in the Kuibyshev District | ||
осуществляемых в соответствии с правилами | of Samara; 8.4 ?10-3 in Novokuibyshevsk | ||
МАГАТЭ, подтверждена практикой. В мире | town. This exceeds the acceptable | ||
было осуществлено свыше 1 млн перевозок | individual risk level (adopted in a number | ||
упаковок с радиоактивными материалами. В | of counties as 10-4 - 10-6) by a factor of | ||
России было осуществлено 900 | 28-8400. www.ibrae.ac.ru. | ||
контейнеро-рейсов на ПО «Маяк», и 694 на | 26 | The low of the RF on the environmental | |
ГХК. При этом не произошло ни одной аварии | protection: Emergency ecological | ||
со значимыми радиационными последствиями. | situation: inconvertible negative changes | ||
www.ibrae.ac.ru. | in the environment, which represent a | ||
14 | Пример представления результатов | hazard to the population health … | |
моделирования с помощью компьютерной | Ecological disaster: severe inconvertible | ||
системы«Нострадамус» (Источник – падение | changes in the environment, which entailed | ||
ракеты, береговая база губа Андреева). | an essential aggravation of the population | ||
Расстояние по оси следа, км. | health and natural imbalance … | ||
Загрязнениерадионукдами почвы, ки/км2. | www.ibrae.ac.ru. Inconsistency of | ||
Ингаляционная доза, мЗв. Доза внешнего | sanitary-ecological criteria. | ||
облучения за 10 суток, мЗв. Эффективная | 27 | Inconsistency of sanitary-ecological | |
доза за год, мЗв. 2. 5. 26. 7. 256. 3. 4. | criteria. Criteria of radiation safety | ||
20. 5,2. 190. 4. 2,6. 14. 3,3. 120. 5. 2. | (Danilov-Danilyan, 1992): «Man has been | ||
12. 2,8. 102. 6. 1,8. 10. 2,5. 91. 8. 1. | chosen as the main object of protection, | ||
5. 1,5. 55. 10. 0,7. 3,5. 0,8. 29. | because there are no reliable and | ||
15 | Вклады различных источников в дозы | systematic data on levels and radiation | |
облучения у населения. Карелия. Коми. | effects for other biological objects and | ||
Архангель-ская обл. Мурман-ская обл. | systems and also because of the high | ||
Челябин-ская обл. Брянская обл. Дозы | radiosensitivity of a human body». | ||
ионизирующего излучения у населения | www.ibrae.ac.ru. | ||
Российской Федерации в 1999 г. 3,2. 0,13. | 28 | Total exposure doses to the population | |
0,004. 120,6. 4,71. 0,156. 1423. 55,6. | of different European states (according to | ||
1,85. 1011. 39,5. 1,31. 4,12. 0,13. 0,004. | data of the National Commission on | ||
88,8. 2,86. 0,077. 1888. 60,9. 1,64. 1120. | Radiological protection of Great Britain) | ||
36,1. 0,97. 9,3. 0,27. 0,006. 17,7. 0,52. | and the Krasnoyarsk Region (according to | ||
0,012. 1784. 52,7. 1,21. 1577. 46,5. 1,07. | data of the Regional Radiological Center | ||
24. 0,73. 0,024. 11. 0,33. 0,011. 2119. | of State Sanitary Inspection of the | ||
64,1. 2,12. 1153. 34,9. 1,15. 39,2. 0,19. | Krasnoyarsk Region). www.ibrae.ac.ru. mSv. | ||
0,011. 86,2. 0,42. 0,023. 17000. 82,4. | 29 | Average annual exposure doses to the | |
4,59. 3507. 17,0. 0,95. 1,42. 0,03. 0,001. | population from different sources | ||
523,6. 12,1. 0,355. 3096. 71,7. 2,10. | (mSv/year). | ||
695,7. 16,1. 0,47. Эксплуатация ИИИ. | 30 | Decision-Making about Chronic | |
Эксплуатация ИИИ. Эксплуатация ИИИ. | Radiation Exposure to the Public: New | ||
Техногенный фон. Техногенный фон. | Recommendations from the ICRP Abel J. | ||
Техногенный фон. Природные источники. | Gonzalez, 2000. «… annual radiation dose, | ||
Природные источники. Природные источники. | which approaches 10 mSv, can be used as a | ||
Медицинские источники. Медицинские | control level, below which, in some | ||
источники. Медицинские источники. | situations, connected with long exposure, | ||
Коллектив-ная доза. Коллектив-ная доза. | can hardly be considered as justified». | ||
Ср. инд. доза. Коллектив-ная доза. | «…while assessing the values of stochastic | ||
Коллектив-ная доза. Ср. инд. доза. | irradiation consequences, there are no | ||
Коллектив-ная доза. Коллектив-ная доза. | arguments in favour of medical and | ||
Ср. инд. доза. Коллектив-ная доза. | biological justification for including in | ||
Коллектив-ная доза. Ср. инд. доза. | calculations the dose values below the | ||
чел.-Зв. %. мЗв/чел. чел.-Зв. %. мЗв/чел. | practical threshold. … the similar | ||
чел.-Зв. %. мЗв/чел. чел.-Зв. %. мЗв/чел. | numerical values of the practical | ||
16 | Structure of exposure for the | threshold on the accumulated effective | |
population of the Russian Federation in | dose are within the limits of 200 mSv» | ||
1998. Reference: Analytical information | L.A.Ilin « Problems of regulating the | ||
«State of radiation safety of the Russian | technogenic people exposure» Proceedings | ||
Federation in 1998 », Ministry of Health | of International Conference « | ||
of the RF. | Radioactivity at nuclear explosions and | ||
17 | Radiation incidents with victims in | accidents», Moscow 2000. | |
Comparing of Radiation and Chemical Risks in the Russian Arctic Region.ppt |
«Женщина the woman» - A good wife makes a good husband. От нашего ребра нам не ждать добра; « Der mann»- нем. Chicken’s mind- Куриные мозги. Наименование молодой девушки в современном английском языке. The wife is the key to the house. Пути пополнения лексической группы «женщина» в английском языке. Оценочная структура лексической единицы “женщина”.
«The animals» - PANDA. PARROT. The animals which live in the desert. DOLPHIN. STARFISH. CAMEL. SCORPIO. BOBCAT. WHALE. SNAKE. HIPPO. KANGAROO. LIZARD. TIGER. The animals which live in the rainforest and tropics. SEAL. GIRAFFE. The animals which live in the forest. WOMBAT. KOALA. REINDEER. ELEPHANT. BISON. EMU. BEAR.
«The english-speaking countries» - Scotland. USA. The English-speaking countries. Australia. Disneyland. Great Britain.
«The green movement» - One of the largest victories гринписовцев in the given campaign can name refusal of flooding of an oil platform brent spar as it contained many toxic substances. National offices Green Peace are opened in 43 countries of the world as the independent units working over achievement of the purposes of the national projects.
«Russia» - Monument Petr to the first "the copper horseman" in Sankt-Peterburge. Dvortsovo-park ensemble "Peterhof " on the bank of a southern Finnish gulf. Monument Pushkin in Moscow. In Russia 35 national parks and 84 reserves are located. Mausoleum Lenina in Moscow. Russia is the secular state.
«Урок Московский Кремль» - This gun was never fired. ТЕМА УРОКА: Прогулка по кремлю. It weighs 40 tons. Московский Кремль – гордость русской культуры. 5. Моги?ла Неизве?стного Солда?та — памятник в Москве, в Александровском саду, у стен Кремля. It is 17 feet long and has a caliber of 35 inches. Московский Кремль – гордость русской культурЫ.