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1 | Environmental Issues Affecting the | 9 | µg/kg/day Health Hazard for Fish, Wildlife |
Pantanal: How to Solve Them? By: Kazuto | & Humans Digging & Excavation ? | ||
Senga. | Erosion ? Sedimentation in Rivers. | ||
2 | The Pantanal. One of the largest | 10 | Hidrovia Project: Construction of a |
seasonally flooded wetland in the world. | Highway and Waterway system In order to | ||
Area = Approx.140,000 km? Connected to | improve product transportation through | ||
Paraguay, Cuiaba, and Negro Rivers. Map | Mato Grosso Province. Largest potential | ||
depicting Wetland Area and River Systems | for wetland damage. | ||
of Mato Grosso, Brasil. | 11 | Hidrovia project Cont’d. Highway | |
3 | The Pantanal Cont’d. Seasonally | System Will go through Pantanal to reach | |
Flooded Wetland (Dry Summer, Flooded Rest | Cuiaba City Increased Erosion & | ||
of Year). Consist of Many Circular Bodies | Deforestation Interferes Animal Habitats | ||
of Water (each has unique chemical | and causes road kill. Photo: | ||
properties). Photos: Aerial View of the | Transamazonica Highway – Santana do | ||
Pantanal. | Araguaia, Brazil (by Kazuto Senga 2002). | ||
4 | The Pantanal Cont’d. Most number of | 12 | Hidrovia Project Cont’d. Waterway |
Floating Hydrophytes in the world. Common | System Deepening of canals on rivers and | ||
Hydrophytes: Salvinia Typically Low | streams Designed to prevent drought and | ||
Nutrient Home for many species of fish and | non-navigable water conditions. Photo: | ||
wildlife, as well as humans. Photo: The | Unused ferry boat during dry season and | ||
Pantanal Wetland – Pantanal, Brazil (by | shallow water – Palmas Tocantins, Brazil | ||
David Schaub 2002). | (by David Schaub 2002). | ||
5 | Major Human Activities that Threaten | 13 | Hidrovia project Cont’d. Seasonal |
the Pantanal: Sewage pollution from Cuiaba | flooding system will be heavily altered. | ||
City Effects of “slash and burn” | Affect organisms adapted to seasonal | ||
agriculture in the Cerrado Mercury | floodings. Pantanal will be drained much | ||
discharge from gold mining Hidrovia | faster ? longer drought period. Loss of | ||
Transportation Project. | Hydrophytes, Fish & Others. Create | ||
6 | Sewage Pollution from Cuiaba: No Water | uncontrolled floods downstream. Cuiaba | |
Treatment Plant Wastes flow into Pantanal | River may be flooded by Paraguay River. | ||
through Cuiaba River Causes Diseases: | Photos Above: Drought and Flooded | ||
Cholera, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, etc. | Conditions of the Pantanal. | ||
Pesticides (DDT) flows into Pantanal, | 14 | Approaches for Human Activity & | |
causing health hazards for humans and | Wetland Management. Government and | ||
animals, especially Birds. | Community Involvement Increase enforcement | ||
7 | The Cerrado: Savanna vegetation in | in the wetland areas. Prevent poaching, | |
dryer regions of wetlands in S. America. | illegal gold mining, limit slash and burn | ||
Commonly used for agriculture. Slash & | agriculture. Educate the importance of | ||
Burn Agriculture: Unwanted vegetation | wetlands. Potential for tourism, better | ||
(trees and shrubs) cleared by burning, | fishing (fish farming), clean water, | ||
then grassland formed for cattle. | long-term benefits. Photo: “Hunting for | ||
Unfortunately, nutrients (mainly in burned | Fish and Animals is a Crime” – Cangussu | ||
vegetation ashes) used up by erosion, | River, Brazil (by David Schaub 2002). | ||
leaching, water runoff, winds. Land | 15 | Approaches for Human Activity & | |
productive for only 3 ~ 4 years. Photo: | Wetland Management Cont’d. Construction of | ||
The Cerrado – Brasilia National Park (by | sewage treatment plant in Cuiaba Create a | ||
Kazuto Senga 2002). | Pantanal National Park Government | ||
8 | Effects of “slash and burn” | protection of wetlands from any | |
agriculture in the Cerrado: Unproductive | construction and decrease human activity. | ||
land become “bare”, which leads to: | Good for local communities through new | ||
Erosion Increased Sedimentation in River | economic opportunities, ie) tourism. Lower | ||
& Streams. Interferes with Water Input | incentive to use excess natural resources. | ||
& Output into WL. Also lowers | Photos Above: Sample Pictures of Brasilian | ||
nutrients. Photo 1: Burning and converting | Wetlands. | ||
the Cerrado Photo 2: Cerrado Grassland for | 16 | Conclusions: Much work needed in the | |
Cattle Farming – Tocantins, Brazil (by | Mato Grosso region to provide long-term | ||
Kazuto Senga 2002). | solution for the protection of the | ||
9 | Mercury discharge from gold mining: | Pantanal. Human involvement and teamwork | |
Used Mercury leaches into soil and ground | is crucial for the possible solutions to | ||
water. Mercury carried by runoff and | work. Help from organizations and | ||
vaporization into rivers & streams | technological aid from other countries. | ||
Heavy Metal Contamination in Wetlands | (EMBRAPA) Pantanal will no longer function | ||
Poisoning through bioaccumulation & | as a stable wetland environment, if we | ||
food chain. Mercury Presence = 0.08 ~ 0.64 | continue to ignore the potential | ||
µg/g in Rondonia World Health | environmental issues affecting it. | ||
Organization’s suggested limit = 0.43 | |||
Environmental Issues Affecting the Pantanal: How to Solve Them.ppt |
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