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1 | PDF/A The Development of a Digital | 23 | Supplemental information. Informative |
Preservation Standard. Stephen Abrams | annexes to ISO 19005-1 PDF/A-1 conformance | ||
Harvard University Betsy Fanning | summary Best practices Guidelines for | ||
Association for Information and Image | capturing or converting electronic | ||
Management Diana Helander Adobe Systems, | documents to PDF/A For documents created | ||
Inc. Susan Sullivan, CRM National Archives | according to specific institutional rules | ||
and Records Administration. SAA 69th | Replicates the exact quality and content | ||
Annual Meeting, New Orleans, August 14-21, | of source documents within the PDF/A file | ||
2005. | Required for compliance with NARA’s PDF | ||
2 | Agenda. The preservation problem The | Transfer Guidance PDF/A FAQ Under | |
ISO standards process Benefits of PDF/A | development Will be available on AIIM and | ||
Technical overview Questions. | NPES web sites. | ||
3 | The preservation problem. What is the | 24 | Supplemental information. Application |
best option for preserving electronic | notes Will provide specific guidance on | ||
documents over archival time spans? TIFF? | the use of PDF/A Similar in intent to | ||
Widely adopted No access to underlying | those produced for PDF/X Under development | ||
text without OCR No mechanism for | Will be available on AIIM and NPES web | ||
capturing logical structure Difficult to | sites AIIM and NPES will archive copies | ||
create “born-digital” documents XML? Good | of, and maintain public access to, the PDF | ||
for describing logical structure, but not | Reference and XMP Specification As well as | ||
appearance Many incompatible | other freely available, non-ISO normative | ||
domain-specific schemas Native Format | references of ISO 19005-1. | ||
(e.g., MS Word)? Several ubiquitous, but | 25 | Agenda. The preservation problem The | |
closed proprietary formats PDF? | ISO standards process Benefits of PDF/A | ||
4 | The preservation problem. PDF is a | Technical overview Questions. | |
ubiquitous open format for electronic | 26 | PDF/A. PDF/A is intended to address | |
documents Proprietary, but with publicly | three primary issues: Define a file format | ||
available specification Many statutory, | that preserves the static visual | ||
regulatory, and institutional policies | appearance of electronic documents over | ||
mandate the retention of PDF-based | time Provide a framework for recording | ||
documents over multiple generations of | metadata about electronic documents | ||
technology The feature-rich nature of PDF | Provide a framework for defining the | ||
can complicate preservation efforts. | logical structure and semantic properties | ||
5 | Desirable properties of a preservation | of electronic documents. | |
format. PDF/A objectives Device | 27 | Nevertheless… PDF/A may not be the | |
independence Can be reliably and | last preservation format you will need | ||
consistently rendered without regard to | However, proper application of PDF/A | ||
the hardware/software platform | should result in reliable, predictable, | ||
Self-contained Contains all resources | and unambiguous access to the full | ||
necessary for rendering Self-documenting | information content of electronic | ||
Contains its own description Transparency | documents. | ||
Amenable to direct analysis with basic | 28 | PDF/A conformance. Two conformance | |
tools. | levels PDF/A-1a Compliance with all | ||
6 | Desirable properties of a preservation | requirements of 19005-1 Including those | |
format. PDF/A objectives (Lack of) | regarding structural and semantic tagging | ||
technical protection mechanisms No | PDF/A-1b Compliance with all requirements | ||
encryption, passwords, etc. Disclosure | of 19005-1 minimally necessary to preserve | ||
Authoritative specification publicly | the visual appearance of a PDF/A file. | ||
available Adoption Widespread use may be | 29 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
the best deterrent against preservation | 1.4. | ||
risk. | 30 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
7 | PDF/A usage. PDF/A standard may be | 1.4 With features that are Required. | |
used by vendors to: Develop applications | 31 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
that read and write and otherwise process | 1.4 With features that are Required | ||
PDF/A files These applications will be | Recommended. | ||
used by organizations to: Create and | 32 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
process PDF/A conformant files As part of | 1.4 With features that are Required | ||
their business processes In conjunction | Recommended Restricted. | ||
with necessary adjunct archival and | 33 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
records management policies and | 1.4 With features that are Required | ||
procedures. | Recommended Restricted Prohibited. | ||
8 | Current support for PDF/A. There is no | 34 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF |
“formal” support for PDF/A today Acrobat 7 | 1.4 With features that are Required | ||
support for “draft” version Nor has PDF/A | Recommended Restricted Prohibited Reader | ||
yet been adopted as a “required” format by | functional requirements. | ||
any governmental, academic, or commercial | 35 | PDF/A requirements. Conformance to PDF | |
body However, once ISO 19005-1 is formally | 1.4 With features that are Required | ||
published, we can expect tools to be | Recommended Restricted Prohibited Reader | ||
developed quickly Acartus ApertureONE ERM | functional requirements Features not | ||
Many other vendors participated in the | documented in 1.4 are ignored by PDF/A | ||
standards process Appligent, Callas, | readers. | ||
Global Graphics, PDF Sages And we expect | 36 | General. Required Conformance to 1.4 | |
that the mandated (or recommended) use of | requirements Recommended Linearization | ||
PDF/A will follow. | hints should be ignored Restricted | ||
9 | PDF/A caveats. However… PDF/A alone | Document information dictionary must be | |
does not guarantee preservation PDF/A | consistent with XMP metadata Prohibited | ||
alone does not guarantee exact replication | Encryption LZW compression Embedded files | ||
of source material The intent of PDF/A is | Optional content Sound and movie media | ||
not to claim that PDF-based solutions are | types. | ||
the best way to preserve electronic | 37 | Graphics. Required Device independent | |
documents But once you have decided to use | color Embedded color spaces Restricted | ||
a PDF-based approach, PDF/A defines an | Image dictionaries Separation and DeviceN | ||
archival profile of PDF that is more | color spaces Form XObjects Extended | ||
amenable to long-term preservation. | graphics state Rendering intents | ||
10 | The PDF/A standard. “This | Prohibited Reference XObjects PostScript | |
International Standard specifies how to | XObjects Non-PDF 1.4 defined operators | ||
use the Portable Document Format (PDF) 1.4 | Transparency. | ||
for long-term preservation of electronic | 38 | Fonts. Required Fonts legally | |
documents” Applicable to documents | embeddable for unlimited, universal | ||
containing character, raster, and vector | rendering Embedded font programs Embedded | ||
data The standard does not address: | CMaps Consistent font metrics Unicode | ||
Processes for generating PDF/A files | character map (For Level A conformance | ||
Specific implementation details of | only) Recommended Font subsets Restricted | ||
rendering PDF/A files Methods for storing | Character encodings. | ||
PDF/A files Hardware and software | 39 | Annotations. Required Reader mechanism | |
dependencies. | to expose the annotation dictionary | ||
11 | The PDF/A standard. PDF/A is a file | Contents key Restricted Annotation | |
format standard PDF/A is just one | dictionaries Prohibited Non-PDF 1.4 | ||
component of a comprehensive preservation | defined types FileAttachment, Sound, and | ||
strategy Successful implementation depends | Movie types. | ||
upon: Records management policies and | 40 | Actions. Required Behavior for | |
procedures Additional requirements and | NextPage, PrevPage, FirstPage, and | ||
conditions Quality assurance processes. | LastPage actions as defined in PDF 1.4 | ||
12 | Agenda. The preservation problem The | Reader mechanism to expose GoToR | |
ISO standards process Benefits of PDF/A | dictionary F and D keys, URI action | ||
Technical overview Questions. | dictionary URI key, and SubmitForm action | ||
13 | The PDF/A standard. Multi-part ISO | dictionary F key Prohibited Launch, Sound, | |
International Standard ISO 19005-1:2005, | Movie, ResetForm, ImportData, and | ||
Document management – Electronic document | JavaScript actions Deprecated set-state | ||
file format for long-term preservation – | and no-op actions Named actions other than | ||
Part 1: Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) Part 2 | the 4 page navigation actions Widget | ||
(19005-2) intended to bring PDF/A into | annotation or Field dictionary AA key. | ||
conformance with PDF 1.6 And additional | 41 | Metadata. Requires use of Extensible | |
future parts, as necessary. | Metadata Platform (XMP) Proprietary, but | ||
14 | Time Line for Part 1. October 2002 | open format Used for metadata creation, | |
Initial meeting of AIIM/NPES PDF/A | processing, and interchange Based on | ||
committee April 2003 Initial Working Draft | Resource Description Framework (RDF) Open | ||
(WD) August 2003 New Work Item (NWI) | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard | ||
approved and Joint Working Group (JWG) | Cornerstone of Semantic Web Pre-defined | ||
formed December 2003 First Committee Draft | schemas Base, DC, DRM, DAM, Workflow, | ||
(CD) approved September 2004 Second CD | EXIF, PDF, PSD Defined extension mechanism | ||
approved June 2005 Draft International | Embedding rules TIFF, JPEG, JPEG 2000, | ||
Standard (DIS) unanimously approved. | HTML, AI, PSD, PDF, … | ||
15 | Time Line for Part 1. Submitted to ISO | 42 | Metadata. Required Document level XMP |
Central Secretariat for publication as | metadata Equivalent XMP metadata for all | ||
International Standard Should be publicly | appropriate Document Information | ||
available September 2005 Throughout the | Dictionary properties Embedded extension | ||
process, PDF/A has been reviewed by | schema Version and conformance | ||
technical experts from 15 national | self-identification Recommended File | ||
standards bodies. | identifier File provenance Font metadata | ||
16 | ISO/TC 171/SC 2/WG 5. ISO Joint | Prohibited XMP packet header bytes and | |
Working Group (JWG) for PDF/A ISO/TC | encoding attributes. | ||
171/SC 2, Document management applications | 43 | Logical structure (Level A conformance | |
– Application issues ISO/TC 130, Graphic | only). Required Tagged PDF Explicit word | ||
technology ISO/TC 46/SC 11, Information | breaks Recommended Tagging for pagination, | ||
and documentation – Archives/records | layout, and page artifacts “Strongly | ||
management ISO/TC 42, Photography. | structured” block-level structural tagging | ||
17 | Role of AIIM and NPES. AIIM, | Natural language tagging Alternative | |
Association for Information and Image | description, non-textual annotation, | ||
Management Secretariat to ISO/TC 171 and | replacement text, and abbreviation/acronym | ||
ISO/TC 171/SC2 Secretariat to US Technical | expansion tagging. | ||
Advisory Group (TAG) for ISO/TC 171 NPES, | 44 | Interactive forms. Required Field | |
The Association for Suppliers of Printing, | appearance dictionary Restricted | ||
Publishing, and Converting Technologies | NeedAppearance flag Explicit word breaks | ||
Secretariat to ANSI Committee for Graphic | Prohibited A and AA keys in Widget and | ||
Arts Technologies Standards (CGATS) | Field dictionaries Note There is no | ||
Secretariat to US TAG for ISO/TC 130 Joint | restriction on the use of digital | ||
sponsors of the initial US PDF/A | signatures, as defined by PDF 1.4. | ||
committee. | 45 | What’s under consideration for Part 2? | |
18 | PDF/A terminology. PDF/A-1 refers to | Based on PDF 1.6 The following specific | |
the format defined by Part 1 (ISO 19005-1) | features are under consideration for | ||
of the standard Part 2 (ISO 19005-2) will | inclusion in Part 2 JPEG 2000 image | ||
define PDF/A-2 New Parts can be added to | compression More sophisticated digital | ||
the PDF/A family of standards without | signature support OpenType fonts 3D | ||
obsoleting previous Parts. | graphics Audio/video content Consistency | ||
19 | Agenda. The preservation problem The | with PDF/X, PDF/E, PDF/UA. | |
ISO standards process Benefits of PDF/A | 46 | What’s under consideration for Part 2? | |
Technical overview Questions. | If PDF/A-1 does not meet your specific | ||
20 | PDF/A. Non-proprietary standard Based | needs, get involved in the process Contact | |
on a proprietary, but open format | Betsy Fanning, Director, AIIM Standards | ||
Developed by inclusive set of stakeholders | Program. | ||
Subject to rigorous technical review | 47 | PDF/A summary. ISO 19005-1 (should be | |
Minimal restrictions necessary to | available September 2005) File format | ||
facilitate long-term preservation Not | standard One component of a comprehensive | ||
reliant on the existence of any particular | archival strategy Based on PDF 1.4 Two | ||
reader. | conformance levels Level A for | ||
21 | Relationship to other standards. PDF/X | structural/semantic tagging Level B for | |
for pre-press data exchange ISO 15390 | appearance only Emphasis on reliable and | ||
parts 4 (PDF/X-1a), 5 (PDF/X-2), and 6 | predictable rendering of static visual | ||
(PDF/X-3) Currently based on PDF 1.4; work | appearance Do’s: embed fonts, | ||
underway to extend to PDF 1.6 It is | device-independent color, XMP metadata, | ||
possible for a file to be both PDF/A and | tagging Don’ts: encryption, LZW, embedded | ||
PDF/X compliant PDF/E for engineering, | files, external content references, | ||
architectural, and GIS documents | transparency, multi-media, JavaScript. | ||
Provisionally based on PDF 1.6 PDF/UA for | 48 | PDF/A summary. Consistency with PDF/X | |
accessibility Intended to address Section | Work planned for Part 2. | ||
508 concerns. | 49 | Agenda. The preservation problem The | |
22 | Intellectual property rights. PDF/A is | ISO standards process Benefits of PDF/A | |
a file format standard Anyone can use the | Technical overview Questions. | ||
PDF Reference and XMP Specification in | 50 | Questions? http://www.iso.org/ | |
conjunction with ISO 19005-1 to create | http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/app-notes | ||
applications that read, write, or process | http://www.npes.org/standards/toolspdfa.ht | ||
PDF/A files Adobe has granted a general | l stephen_abrams@harvard.edu | ||
royalty free license to use certain of its | bfanning@aiim.org helander@adobe.com | ||
patents to create applications that read, | susan.sullivan@nara.gov. | ||
write, or process PDF/A files. | |||
PDFA The Development of a Digital Preservation Standard.ppt |
«The animals» - BISON. SEA-HORSE. GORILLA. The animals which live in the OCEAN. CAMEL. The ANIMALS of our planet. KOALA. The animals which live in the polar regions. SQUIRREL. FISH. EMU. The animals which live in the forest. PENGUIN. GRIFFIN. PANDA. The animals which live in the rainforest and tropics. ZEBRA. FLAMINGO.
«The english-speaking countries» - The English-speaking countries. USA. Disneyland. Great Britain. Australia. Scotland.
«The green movement» - Their features. It became the first African who has headed this organization. National offices Green Peace are opened in 43 countries of the world as the independent units working over achievement of the purposes of the national projects. One of the largest victories гринписовцев in the given campaign can name refusal of flooding of an oil platform brent spar as it contained many toxic substances.
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«School uniform» - No high heels. The girls' uniform has become an iconic figure in Western culture. Pupils wear blazers – a kind of jacket – with the school badge on the pocket. This topic looks at a very large number of arguments about uniforms. Pupils at most secondary schools in Britain have to wear a school uniform.
«Одежда в английском» - Рубашка. Проанализированы устаревшие заимствованные, общеупотребительные слова с контекстуальной точки зрения. Результаты исследования. Положения, выносимые на защиту. Актуальность данного исследования. Рубаха (разг.). Объект исследования. Определены мотивировочные признаки значения слова, гипонимы и гиперонимы.