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Russian cities

содержание презентации «Russian cities.ppt»

Сл	Текст	Сл	Текст
1	UNIT 1. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GREAT	28	in Russia of those times and named after
	RUSSIAN CITIES Dialogues: Getting to know		Empress Ekaterina I, the wife of Peter the
	you Airport Checking in After the Flight		Great, and Great Martyr Saint Catherine,
	Getting a Taxi Grammar: ACTIVE VOICE		the patroness of mining. For three
	SEQUENCE OF TENSES.		centuries the city-plant has been steadily
2	Russia, also officially known as the		developing as a center of mining industry
	russian federation, is a state in northern		of the Urals and Siberia. Nowadays
	eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential		Yekaterinburg is not only one of the
	republic, comprising 85 federal subjects.		biggest industrial centers in Russia but a
	From northwest to southeast, russia shares		very beautiful city with a lot of
	borders with norway, finland, estonia,		monuments of great historical and cultural
	latvia, lithuania and poland (both via		value. Dozen of museums, several theaters,
	kaliningrad oblast), belarus, ukraine,		numerous movie houses, high school
	georgia, azerbaijan, kazakhstan, the		institutions as well as developed
	people's republic of china, mongolia, and		infrastructure make Yekaterinburg the
	north korea. It also has maritime borders		unique city where the past and the present
	with japan by the sea of okhotsk and the		mix together. If you have the opportunity
	united states by the bering strait. A		to visit Ekaterinburg, you should make
	federal semi-presidential republic -		sure you stop by Kamenniye Palatki and
	федеративная полупрезидентская		Shartash Lake. The rocks of Kamenniye
	(президентско-парламентская) республика to		Palatki are completely natural though they
	comprise - охватывать federal subject -		look like the remains of an old castle.
	федеральный субъект, субъект федерации via	29	Samara. Part of the Volga Federal
	- через maritime borders - морские		District, Samara sits in the southeastern
	границы.		part of Russia. With a population of over
3	The Russian federation. FLAG COAT OF		1 million, it’s one of the most
3	ARMS.		cosmopolitan cities in Russia.
4			Politically, economically and culturally,
5	At 17, 125, 187 sq. Km, russia is the		Samara occupies a unique position within
	largest country in the world, covering		the country. For tourism purposes, the
	more than a ninth of the earth's land		city is a wonderful destination. Samara’s
	area. Russia is also the ninth most		history goes back to the 16th century and
	populous nation with more than 146 million		while the city may not boast the grandiose
	people. It extends across the whole of		landmarks that typify so many Russian
	northern asia and 40% of europe, spanning		towns, there’s still remarkable
	9 time zones and incorporating a wide		architecture to observe, beautiful parks
	range of environments and landforms.		and unique open-air markets. Samara was
	Russia has the world's largest reserves of		officially founded in 1586 when on the
	mineral and energy resources. It has the		bank of the Volga River the construction
	world's largest forest reserves and its		of the fortress to protect the Russian
	lakes contain approximately one-quarter of		State from the incursion of martial
	the world's fresh water. To span -		nomadic tribes was started. But in fact,
	простираться, охватывать time zone -		the settlement on the bend of the Volga
	часовой пояс to incorporate - объединять,		River had been mentioned in the ancient
	включать landform - очертания суши, форма		chronicles since 14th century.
	рельефа approximately - примерно,	30	Samara. During World War II Samara
	приблизительно fresh water - пресная вода.		(the city is situated not far from
6	The nation's history began with that		Moscow), then named Kuibyshev, was
	of the East Slavs, who emerged as a		considered to be the second capital of
	recognizable group in Europe between the		USSR. Many famous people worked and lived
	3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and		in Samara including outstanding Russian
	ruled by a noble Viking warrior class and		writers Lev Tolstoy and Maxim Gorky,
	their descendants, the first East Slavic		painters Ilya Repin, Vasily Surikov and
	state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th		Ivan Aivazovsky, revolutionists Michael
	century and adopted Orthodox Christianity		Frunze and Vladimir Lenin. Even French
	from the Byzantine Empire in 988,		writer Alexander Duma paid a visit to
	beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and		Samara in 1858. Impressed by the travel he
	Slavic cultures that defined Russian		wrote the book "From Paris to
	culture for the next millennium. Kievan		Astrakhan" and gave his description
	Rus' ultimately disintegrated and the		of Samara in it. Facts about Samara Area:
	lands were divided into many small feudal		260 sq km Location: Samara is situated in
	states. recognizable – могущий быть		the southeastern European part of Russia
	узнанным, признанный BC – before Christ		in the Midstream of the largest river in
	(англ.) , до Христа, до нашей эры. AD –		Europe - the Volga. Population: approx
	anno domini (лат.) , нашего бога, нашей		1,133,000 (2005 est.) Foundation: 1586
	эры. descendant – потомок to arise –		Climate: Samara has a distinct continental
	возникать, появляться to adopt – принимать		climate. The annual air temperature is +
	ultimately – в конечном счете, в конце		3,8 C. The average temperature in January
	концов to disintegrate – раздроблять(ся),		is -13,9 C, in July +20,1 C. Major
	распадаться feudal state – феодальное		attractions: Art museum, Museum of Aleksey
	государство.		Tolstoy, Drama Theater, Opera and Ballet
7	The most powerful successor state to		house.
	Kievan Rus' was Moscow, which served as	31	Omsk Omsk is the second-largest city
	the main force in the Russian		in Russia east of the Ural mountains. In
	reunification process and independence		southwest Siberia, the city was the
	struggle against the Golden Horde. Moscow		defacto capital of Russia while the Civil
	gradually reunified the surrounding		War tore across Moscow in 1918. With just
	Russian principalities and came to		over 1 million people, Omsk has some
	dominate the cultural and political legacy		attractions of note for tourists. A chief
	of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the		focal point is the former market of
	nation had greatly expanded through		Gostiny Dvor. Omsk, founded in 1716, is a
	conquest, annexation, and exploration to		large industrial, educational and cultural
	become the Russian Empire, which was the		center with a population over one million.
	third largest empire in history,		In the 50-s of the 20th century Omsk
	stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska		became an important oil-processing city.
	in North America. successor – преемник,		Omsk is a typical modern city with wide
	наследник reunification process – процесс		thoroughfares, numerous bridges and high
	воссоединения independence struggle –		sky-scrapers. In the old part of the city
	борьба за независимость the Golden Horde –		one can see examples of architecture of
	Золотая Орда gradually - постепенно		previous centuries including the Tobolskie
	principality - княжество legacy –		Gate leading to the city fortress, the
	наследство, наследие to expand –		oldest constructions in Omsk. In the 19th
	расширяться, увеличиваться,		century the convicts had to pass through
	распространяться conquest – завоевание,		this gate daily when they went to the
	покорение annexation – присоединение,		timber cutting works. Among the convicts
	аннексия exploration - исследование.		was the famous Russian writer Fyodor
8	Russia established worldwide power and		Dostoevsky. The palace of general-governor
	influence from the times of the russian		is another interesting sight of Omsk.
	empire being the largest and leading		Facts about Omsk Area: 140,000 sq km
	constituent of the soviet union, the		(territory of Omsk Region) Location: The
	world's first constitutionally socialist		city lies in the southwest of Siberian
	state and a recognized superpower, that		Federal District, on the Irtysh River.
	played a decisive role in the allied		Population: approx 1,143,000 (2005 est.)
	victory in world war II. The soviet era		Foundation: 1716 Climate: The climate is
	saw some of the greatest technology		dry and relatively temperate, but marked
	achievements of the nation, such as the		by violent snow-storms and sand-storms.
	world's first human spaceflight. The		Major attractions: Nikolsky Cathedral, The
	russian federation was founded following		Palace of the Governor-General, Former
	the dissolution of the soviet union in		Military School.
	1991, but is recognized as the continuing	32	Novosibirsk. A notable city in the
	legal personality of the soviet state.		vicinity of Omsk is Novosibirsk. Believe
	Worldwide power and influence – всемирное		it or not, this quiet town is the
	могущество и влияние constituent –		third-most-populous in Russia and the
	составная часть recognized superpower –		nerve center of Siberia. Home to almost
	признанная супердержава decisive role –		1.5 million inhabitants, Novosibirsk is a
	решающая роль spaceflight – космический		major player in the Russian economy.
	полет dissolution – распад, исчезновение		Novosibirsk is the largest industrial,
	continuing legal personality – законный		scientific, cultural and administrative
	правопреемник.		center of Siberia. The city was founded in
9	Russia is a great power and a		1893, and at first it functioned just as
	permanent member of the United Nations		the settlement for the workers who built
	Security Council, a member of the G8, G20,		the bridge over the Ob River. Novosibirsk
	the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific		was supposed to be a local trade center,
	Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai		but since the October Revolution it became
	Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian		the city of not only industrial, but also
	Economic Community, the OSCE, and is the		cultural and scientific importance.
	leading member of the Commonwealth of		Gradually it was turned into the forth
	Independent States. the United Nations		largest city of Russia. The architectural
	Security Council – Совет безопасности		look of Novosibirsk is represented by the
	Организации объединенных наций the G8 –		grandeur building of the Central Railway
	Большая восьмерка the G20 – Большая		Station, the Opera Theater, and the
	двадцатка the Council of Europe – Совет		central square ensemble. There are more
	Европы the Asia-Pacific Economic		than 2 thousand historical and
	Cooperation – Азиатско-Тихоокеанское		architectural monuments on the territory
	экономическое сотрудничество the Shanghai		of Novosibirsk. The Novosibirsk zoo is one
	Cooperation Organization – Шанхайская		of the very best in Europe, with over
	организация сотрудничества the Eurasian		4,000 animal species and an enviable
	Economic Community – Евроазиатское		collection of jungle cats. The opera and
	экономическое сообщество the OSCE (The		ballet are perhaps the most popular
	Organization for Security and Cooperation		attractions. Facts about Novosibirsk Area:
	in Europe) – ОБСЕ (Организация по		477 sq km Location: The city lies on the
	безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе)		both banks of the Ob River, in the middle
	the Commonwealth of Independent States –		of Russia. Population: approx 1,406,600
	СНГ (Содружество независимых государств).		(2005 est.) Foundation: 1893 Climate: The
10	Etymology The country's original name		climate is sharply continental. The
	was Русь (Rus'), a medieval state		average temperature in winter is -19 C, in
	populated mostly by the East Slavs. An old		summer + 21 C. Major attractions:
	Latin version of the name Rus' was		Voznesensky Cathedral, Chapel of St
	Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western		Nikolai, Catholic Cathedral, Museum of
	and southern regions of Rus' that were		Regional Studies.
	adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current	33	Getting to know you. Peter: Do you
	name of the country, Россия (Rossiya),		live in London, Susan? Susan: No, I live
	comes from the Greek version of Rus',		in Paris, actually. P.: And what do you
	spelled ????? [ros?ia], which was the		do? S.: I’m a journalist. I write for an
	denomination of Kievan Rus in the		international newspaper. P.: Really? Do
	Byzantine Empire. Etymology – этимология,		you have to travel a lot for your work?
	происхождение medieval state-		S.: Yes, I do. P.: Are you here on holiday
	средневековое государство adjacent –		or is it a business trip? S.: It’s a
	прилегающий, смежный, соседний.		business trip, but I’m staying with my
11	Geography Russia is the largest		brother’s family and that’s almost like a
	country in the world; its total area is		holiday.
	17, 125, 187 square kilometres. Most of	34	Getting to know you. P.: Do you have a
	Russia consists of vast stretches of		family? S.: Yes, I do. I have two sons.
	plains that are predominantly steppe to		And what about you? P.: I have a son and a
	the south and heavily forested to the		daughter. S.: That’s nice. What does your
	north, with tundra along the northern		wife do? P.: She teaches French and
	coast.		English. S.: Oh, really? You should come
12	Russia possesses 10% of the world's		to Paris some time. How old are your
	arable land. Mountain ranges are found		children? P.: Barbara is five and Mark
	along the southern borders, such as the		seven. What’s your husband’s job? You
	Caucasus (containing Mount Elbrus, which		travel a lot, so it must be difficult for
	at 5,642 m is the highest point in both		him. S.: He works at home quite a lot. He
	Russia and Europe) and the Altai		is a computer specialist.
	(containing Mount Belukha, which at the	35	Getting to know you. Yvonne: Hi, Joan!
	4,506 m is the highest point of Asian		How are you? And how is your family? Joan:
	Russia); and in the eastern parts, such as		We are all fine, thanks. Y.: Have you
	the Verkhoyansk Range or the volcanoes on		moved to the new house yet? J.: Oh, yes,
	Kamchatka. The Ural Mountains, rich in		we have. We moved last month. Y.: And how
	mineral resources, form a north-south		do you like living there – in that small
	range that divides Europe and Asia.		village? J.: We just love it. The children
13	Russia has an extensive coastline of		are so happy there. Y.: I’m sure they are.
	over 37,000 km along the Arctic and		Where do you work now? J.: I don’t work.
	Pacific Oceans, as well as along the		I’m a housewife now!
	Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea and	36	airport checking in. A.: Can I have
	Caspian Sea. The Barents Sea, White Sea,		your ticket and passport, please? B.: Yes,
	Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea,		of course. A.: Thank you. How many
	Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,		suitcases have you got? B.: Just one. A.:
	and the Sea of Japan are linked to Russia		And have you got much hand luggage? B.:
	via the Arctic and Pacific. Russia's major		Just this bag. A.: That’s fine. B.: Oh…
	islands and archipelagos include Novaya		Can I have a seat next to the window? A.:
	Zemlya, the Franz Josef Land, the		Yes, that’s OK. Here’s your boarding pass.
	Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian		Have a nice flight!
	Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril	37	PASSPORT CONTROL. Good afternoon,
	Islands, and Sakhalin. The Diomede Islands		Madam. Can I see your passport, please?
	(one controlled by Russia, the other by		Yes, Of course. And your landing card,
	the United States) are just 3 km apart,		please. Here you are. How long are you
	and Kunashir Island is about 20 km from		staying in this country? Just for five
	Hokkaid?, Japan.		days. Is it a business trip? Not really.
14	Russia has thousands of rivers and		I’m meeting my husband who is here on
	inland bodies of water providing it with		business. I see. Have a nice stay. Thank
	one of the world’s largest surface water		you.
	resources. The largest and most prominent	38	AFTER THE FLIGHT. Dymov: Good morning,
	of Russia's bodies of fresh water is Lake		Mr. Mennon. Mennon: Hello, Mr. Dymov. D.:
	Baikal, the world's deepest, purest,		Did you have a good flight? M.: Yes, on
	oldest and most capacious freshwater lake.		the whole it was quite fine. D.: The car
	Baikal alone contains over one fifth of		is waiting for us. Shall we go? M.: Yes,
	the world's fresh surface water. Other		of course. D.: The program of your stay in
	major lakes include Lake Ladoga and Lake		our city is quite intensive. We’ve got a
	Onega, two of the largest lakes in Europe.		lot of sites to visit. M.: Yes, I would
	Russia is second only to Brazil in volume		like to see as many places of interest as
	of the total renewable water resources. Of		possible. I have never had a chance to
	the country's 100,000 rivers, the Volga is		visit your city. D.: Then maybe you’d like
	the most famous, not only because it is		to have a sightseeing tour about the city
	the longest river in Europe, but also		right after lunch? M.: Yes, why not. I’ve
	because of its major role in Russian		heard a lot about the Kremlin. D.: We will
	history.		visit it. I’m sure you won’t be
15	According to the Constitution of		disappointed. Here is our car. M.: Fine.
	Russia, the country is a federation and	39	Getting a taxi. A.: Excuse me. Can you
	semi-presidential republic, wherein the		tell me where to get a taxi to the town
	President is the head of state and the		centre? C.: Yes, it’s easy. Go outside the
	Prime Minister is the head of government.		building and there’s a taxi rank there.
	The Russian Federation is fundamentally		A.: Thank you very much. C.: But if you’re
	structured as a representative democracy,		going to the centre, it is better to go by
	with the federal government composed of		underground. It takes only 15 minutes. By
	three branches: Legislative :The bicameral		taxi it might take about half an hour;
	Federal Assembly, made up of the State		there is a lot of traffic. A.: I see. But
	Duma and the Federation Council.		I have a lot of luggage and I can’t carry
	Executive: The President and the		it. C.: Oh yes, then a taxi is much better
	Government. The system of federal bodies		for you. A.: Thank you for your help. C.:
	of the executive branch includes federal		That’s all right. Have a nice stay in
	ministries, services and agencies.		town.
	Judicial: The Constitutional Court,	40	Getting a taxi. A.: Can you take me to
	Supreme Court, Supreme Court of		Piccadilly, please? B.: Yes. Which number?
	Arbitration and lower federal courts.		A.: It’s 151. B.: All right. Do you have
16			any luggage? A.: Yes. The big suitcase and
17			the red bag. B.: OK. I’ll put them in the
18	The Russian Federation comprises 85		back. A.: Thank you. How long does it take
	federal subjects. These subjects have		to get to Piccadilly? B.: It depends on
	equal representation — two delegates each		the traffic. But usually about 40 minutes.
	— in the Federation Council. However, they		A.: OK. Please hurry – I’m in a rush.
	differ in the degree of autonomy they	41	Getting a taxi. A.: Yes, madam? B.:
	enjoy. 46 oblasts (provinces): the most		Can you take me to the Regent Hotel? A.:
	common type of federal subjects, with		Yes. But which Regent Hotel? There are two
	federally appointed governor and locally		Regent Hotels in this town. B.: Oh really?
	elected legislature. 22 republics:		This one is in the High Street. A.: OK, no
	nominally autonomous; each has its own		problem. Do you have any luggage? B.: Yes,
	constitution, president, and parliament.		this suitcase. A.: Fine, I’ll put it in
	Republics are allowed to establish their		the back. B.: Thank you. How long does it
	own official language alongside Russian		take to get to the town centre? I’m in a
	but are represented by the federal		rush. A.: Don’t worry, madam, we’ll be
	government in international affairs.		there in about 30 minutes. B.: OK.
	Republics are meant to be home to specific	42	I do He does. I am doing You are doing
	ethnic minorities. 9 krais (territories):		He is doing. I have done He has done. I
	essentially the same as oblasts. The		have been doing He has been doing. I did.
	"territory" designation is		I was doing You were doing. I had done. I
	historic, originally given to frontier		had been doing. I shall do You will do. I
	regions and later also to administrative		shall be doing You will be doing. I shall
	divisions that comprised autonomous okrugs		have done You will have done. I shall have
	or autonomous oblasts.		been doing You will have been doing.
19	4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous		Времена английского глагола Действительный
	districts): originally autonomous entities		залог. SIMPLE. CONTINUOUS. PERFECT.
	within oblasts and krais created for		PERFECT CONTINUOUS. PRESENT. PAST. FUTURE.
	ethnic minorities, their status was	43	Поставьте глаголы в скобках в
	elevated to that of federal subjects in		указанные временные формы: We (to learn)
	the 1990s. With the exception of Chukotka		grammar rules every day. (Present Simple)
	Autonomous Okrug, all autonomous okrugs		Peter (to buy) some white and brown bread.
	are still administratively subordinated to		(Past Simple) The children (to come) to
	a krai or an oblast of which they are a		school again. (Future Simple) My sister
	part. 1 autonomous oblast (the Jewish		(to watch) TV now. (Present Continuous)
	Autonomous Oblast): originally autonomous		Peter and John (to play) chess when I came
	oblasts were administrative units		back from college. (Past Continuous) He
	subordinated to krais. In 1990, all of		(to write) to her next week. (Future
	them except the Jewish AO were elevated in		Continuous) He (to be) very busy for the
	status to that of a republic. 3 federal		last two days. (Present Perfect) I (to
	cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg and		stay) here for a month. (Present Perfect
	Sevastopol): major cities that function as		Continuous) He thought that he (to sign)
	separate regions.		already the letters. (Past Perfect).
20	Moscow. Moscow, the capital of Russia	44	Ann (translate) a lot of foreign
	is located on the river Moskva in the		letters at the office last week. They
	western region of Russia. Russian		(finish) work at 5 o'clock the day before
	contrasts are more present here than in		yesterday. This engineer (work) with me. I
	any other city in Russia. Ancient		often (do) my homework with her. The
	monasteries and ultra-modern monoliths		teacher usually (give) us a lot of
	stand side by side and the new Russian		homework. Your sister (give) me a very
	millionaires and the poor pensioners walk		interesting book to read last week. A lot
	side by side in the same streets. The		of students (go) to college every year.
	Kremlin stands in the very heart of		Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
	Moscow. Facts about Moscow Area: over		нужном времени:
	1,091 sq km Location: European part of	45	I often (meet) this engineer here. We
	Russian Federation, between the Oka and		(live) in Minsk seven years ago. Ann's
	the Volga Rivers, on the Moskva River.		children (be) in hospital last week. When
	Population: approx 10,407,000 (2005 est.)		the phone rang I (have) coffee in the
	Foundation: 1147, by Duke Yuri Dolgorukiy		kitchen. I can’t go out because I (not
	Climate: The climate varies from intensely		finish) my work yet. Yesterday I (to meet)
	cold winters to swelteringly hot summers.		a friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a
	Major attractions: Kremlin, Red Square,		long time. The students (to write) the
	St. Basil's Cathedral, Poklonnaya		test by dinnertime. Раскройте скобки,
	Mountain, Cathedral of Christ the Savior.		употребляя глаголы в нужном времени:
21	The Kremlin is surrounded by a	46	The message (to arrive) five minutes
	beautiful residential district that is		after he (to leave) the house. He (to
	known as the Bely Gorod or the White Town.		read) a book at five o’clock yesterday.
	The Bely Gorod was the very heart of the		Yesterday the children (to do) all their
	city during the sixteenth century, and		homework before mother (to come) home.
	even today it has a strongly medieval		Nick (to do) his homework by 7 o’clock
	feel. Moscow is also well known as the		yesterday. … you (to help) your father
	site of the Saint Basil's Cathedral, with		tomorrow? I (not to see) you for ages! You
	its elegant onion domes. The Patriarch of		(to be) busy at work? – I (to have) an
	Moscow, whose residence is the Danilov		awful week, you (to know). … your mother
	Monastery, serves as the head of the		(to return) from work? Can I speak to her?
	Russian Orthodox Church.		Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в
22	Red Square is Russia's Glorious		нужном времени:
	Heritage. Contrary to popular belief, Red	47	He (to learn) English before he (to
	Square received its name through the		go) to the USA. What film you (see)
	Russian word for “red”, which centuries		lately? - I (see) "Hamlet" last
	ago meant “beautiful”, and not due to a		Saturday. We haven't signed contracts with
	communist symbol or the red Kremlin walls.		Barton & Co since we (do) business
	Red Square came into being during the		with them last year. When I (see) that man
	reign of Ivan III at the end of the 15th		last night I (think) that I (meet) him
	century. Named after the Trinity		before. When we came to the station the
	Cathedral, the Red Square was formerly		train already (leave) and we (have) to
	known as Trinity Square, and is believed		wait for the next train for an hour. Mr.
	to only have had the name changed at the		Nikolayev said that we (not to be) to give
	end of the 17th century. St Basil’s		the final answer to the firm that day. The
	Cathedral is now located in the site where		first lot of chemical equipment (arrive)
	Trinity Cathedral once stood. St Basil’s		yet? – Not yet, we (receive) a cable from
	Cathedral is situated along side the		the port that the goods (arrive) on the
	eastern wall of the Kremlin, with its		20th of December. Раскройте скобки,
	spiraling bright colored onion domes. Also		употребляя глаголы в нужном времени:
	located around Red Sqaure, is the Kazan	48	A lot of people travel for pleasure or
	Cathedral, Russia’s National Museum, the		on business today. Before they go on a
	GUM department store and the 1990 replica		trip they read something about the place
	of the Resurrection Gate. During the reign		they are going to or speak to those people
	of Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible,		who have been there. Some people are
	Red Square was used for public executions,		interested in art, and they visit picture
	and on the Red Square platform named		galleries and museums. Others are fond of
	Lobnoye Mesto, the Tsar would sometimes		historical buildings and monuments. There
	address the people.		are people who prefer different
23	When Peter the Great moved to St		exhibitions, shows, sport events, etc.
	Petersburg in 1712, Red Square became		Задайте 5 вопросов к данному тексту:
	dormant as Moscow was no longer the	49	Согласование времен sequence of
	Russian capital. The new communist regime,		tenses. В английском языке употребление
	the Bolsheviks, moved the capital back to		времени глагола-сказуемого в придаточном
	Moscow in 1918, and turned Red Square into		предложении зависит от времени
	a parade ground and a memorial cemetery.		глагола-сказуемого в главном предложении.
	The Lenin Mausoleum was built in 1924,		Это называется правилом согласования
	where the embalmed body of the communist		времен. Правило согласования времен
	founder was laid to rest. The new		заключается в следующем: Если в главном
	communist regime was focused on the goals		предложении глагол-сказуемое стоит в одной
	on the Soviet, and saw no space for the		из форм настоящего или будущего времени,
	historical Kazan Cathedral or the		то глагол-сказуемое в придаточном
	Iverskaya Chapel with the Resurrection		предложении может стоять в любой временной
	Gates, and destroyed these buildings to		форме, которая требуется по смыслу: Не
	make space for demonstrations and military		says that he was busy yesterday. Он
	parades. The GUM Department Store and		говорит, что был занят вчера. Не says that
	Historical Museum were also in line for		he will be busy tomorrow. Он говорит, что
	destruction, but the outbreak of World War		будет занят завтра. Не says that he is
	II saved the buildings, as attention was		busy. Он говорит, что занят.
	diverted to the war effort.	50	Если в главном предложении
24	Red Square was home to many military		глагол-сказуемое стоит в одной из форм
	parades but most significant was the		прошедшего времени, то в придаточном
	parade on 7 November 1941. Nazi troops		предложении глагол-сказуемое нужно
	were advancing on the Moscow capital, and		употреблять также в одной из форм
	the Russian soldiers paraded on the square		прошедшего, а именно: a. Если действие
	and marched off to lines to defend the		придаточного предложения происходит
	capital. This action lifted the spirit of		одновременно с действием главного
	the Soviet people and renewed their		предложения, то в придаточном предложении
	confidence in the war. Hundreds of Soviet		употребляется глагол в одной из форм
	troops again filled the square in June		прошедшего неопределенного или прошедшего
	1945, but this time it was to celebrate		продолженного времени: Не told me that he
	their victory over the Nazis and German		studied here. Он сказал мне, что учится
	banners were thrown down in front of		здесь. She said she was preparing for a
	Lenin’s Mausoleum. Red Square is		report. Она сказала, что готовится к
	surrounded by history and beauty, which		докладу.
	provides education and endless attractions	51	b. Если действие придаточного
	for the visitor.		предложения предшествует действию главного
25	Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg is		предложения, то в придаточном предложении
	a very young city compared to old European		употребляется глагол в одной из форм
	capitals and, probably, the only city in		прошедшего совершенного времени: The
	the world that has acquired so much		rector said that the Moscow Higher Women's
	historic significance in such a short		Courses had been reorganized into the
	time. It was founded in 1703 as an outlet		Second Moscow State University. Ректор
	to the sea, which was very important for		сказал, что Московские высшие женские
	Russia's future development from both		курсы были преобразованы во Второй
	strategic and economical points of view.		Московский Государственный Университет.
	Facts about St.Petersburg Area: 606 sq km	52	c. Если действие придаточного
	Location: Located at the mouth of the Neva		предложения относится к будущему времени,
	River and across the islands of its delta		а в главном действие относится к
	on the coast of the Finnish Gulf.		прошедшему, то глагол-сказуемое должен
	Population: approx 4,600,000 (2005 est.)		стоять в Future-in-the-Past. Форма
	Foundation: May 1703, by Peter the Great		Future-in-the-Past образуется от
	Climate: The climate is intermediate (from		соответствующих форм Future Tenses, но
	nautical to continental). The average		вместо вспомогательного глагола shall
	temperature in July is +18 C, in February		употребляется should, а вместо
	-8 C. Major attractions: Hermitage, Winter		вспомогательного глагола will - would: I
	Palace, St Isaac Cathedral, Savior on the		thought I should know the way this time. Я
	Blood, Alexander Nevsky Lavra.		думал, что на этот раз я узнаю дорогу.
26	Saint Petersburg was considered to be	53	В следующих случаях правило
	"a key for paradise" for the		согласования времен не соблюдается, т.е.
	Russian Empire, so the city's name is very		независимо от временной формы
	symbolic: it was called in honor of Saint		глагола-сказуемого в главном предложении в
	Peter, who, as we know from the Holy		придаточном предложении глагол-сказуемое
	Bible, was a keeper of the keys from the		употребляется в любой временной форме,
	paradise. Saint Petersburg today is one of		которая требуется по смыслу: a. Если в
	the most important cultural, scientific		состав сказуемого в придаточном
	and industrial cities in Russia, housing		предложении входит один из следующих
	several hundred of museums and exhibition		модальных глаголов: must, ought to,
	halls. Great Russian and foreign artists,		should: I knew that he must come to the
	poets, writers and composers admired the		Academy by 3 o'clock. Я знал, что он
	beauty of Saint Petersburg and		должен прийти в академию к 3 часам. b.
	commemorated it in their works.		Если в придаточном предложении сообщается
27	Yekaterinburg. The most important city		об общеизвестном факте или неопровержимой
	in central Russia, Yekaterinburg is also		истине: The teacher told the pupils that
	the fifth largest in terms of population.		Novosibirsk stands on the both banks of
	It was known as Sverdlovsk in the Soviet		the river Ob. Учитель рассказал ученикам,
	era. In addition to the city’s historical		что Новосибирск расположен на обоих
	significance, Yekaterinburg yields an		берегах реки Обь.
	abundance of cultural Attractions as well.	54	c. В придаточных определительных
	The city is recognized throughout Russia		предложениях и в предложениях, вводимых
	for excellent theatres, with the Academic		союзными словами as (как, в качестве),
	Ballet and Opera, Kolyada and Dramatic		than (чем): It was not so cold yesterday
	Theatre primary among them. Facts about		as it is today. Вчера не было так холодно,
	Yekaterinburg Area: more than 400,00 sq km		как сегодня. d. Если действие придаточного
	Location: The capital of Sverdlovskaya		предложения предшествует действию главного
	oblast, middle Urals, Russian Federation,		предложения, и время действия придаточного
	Yekaterinburg is situated right on the		предложения указано точно: I knew that she
	border between Europe and Asia.		left Moscow in 1945. Я знала, что она
	Population: approx 1,304,000 (2005 est.)		уехала из Москвы в 1945 году. Но: I knew
	Foundation: 1723 Climate: Yekaterinburg is		that she had left Moscow some years ago. Я
	far away from Atlantics and close to		знала, что она уехала из Москвы несколько
	Siberia, so the climate here is		лет назад.
	continental. In Yekaterinburg winters are	55	Translate from Russian into English.
	cold and long, and summers are quite warm.		Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец –
	The coldest month is January, when average		профессор и живет в Москве. Я знал, что
	temperature reaches -16 -17 C. The warmest		моя сестра изучает французский язык, и
	month is July with the average temperature		думал, что она поедет в Париж. Учитель
	of 18 C Major attractions: Ipatiev House,		сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из
	Cathedral on the Blood, Opera House,		Лондона. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в
	Europe-Asia border obelisk.		театр. Чем занимается твой брат? – Он
28	Yekaterinburg. Yekaterinburg or		работает в институте. – А что он сейчас
	(Ekaterinburg), located at the crossroads		делает? – Он читает газету. Я всегда
	of two continents - Europe and Asia, is		приношу ему газеты. Когда я проснулся,
	the capital of the Sverdlovsk region and		мама уже встала и готовила чай. Когда он
	the administrative center of the Ural		пришел, мы уже ушли домой. Я не приду. Я
	district. It was founded under Peter the		буду писать сочинение весь вечер. Они
	Great as the largest metallurgical plant		живут в этом доме уже пять лет.
Russian cities.ppt

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Russian cities

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«My country Russia» - This flag has three wide stripes on it. It is the biggest country in the world. The capital of Russia - Moscow. Russia has a population of about 145,600 people. One Russian symbol is the Russian national flag. Russia is situated on two continents: Europe and Asia. It flows into the Caspian Sea. The official language is Russian.

«Город Москва» - Pokrovskiy cathedral. Bell tower of Ivan the Great. There are many modern buildings, streets and bridges. Arkhangelskiy Cathedral. The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. Andreevskiy Bridge. Blagoveshshenskiy Cathedral. I love Moscow very much. The Church of Ascension. Moscow is an old city. The capital of Russia is Moscow.

«Russian games» - Sports and games popular in Russia. Basketball appeared in the Russia in 1901. England is the home of football. It is played ball basketball. Basketball is popular in Russia. In Russia football appeared at the end 19th century. Country of basketball is the USA. Football is very popular in Russia. They like Football very much.

«Russian revolution» - Potemkin Mutiny. Russian Artillery. Russian rout. The Russian revolution. Russian gas victims. Bloody Sunday. Petrograd. Russian imperial officers. White recruitment Poster. Kerensky at the front. February bread riot. Soviet of workers and soldiers deputies. Inside the winter palace. Czar Nicholas II.

«Урок Московский Кремль» - Кремль основан в 1156 году по указанию Юрия Долгорукова. Длина пушки – 5,34 м, масса –40 т (2400 пудов). Московский Кремль – гордость русской культурЫ. It weighs 40 tons. It is 17 feet long and has a caliber of 35 inches. Before the revolution it had up to 200 small shops. Weighing 200 tons, it is 20 feet high and about 22 feet in diameter.

«About Russia» - Let’s Learn About Russia. Petersburg. Tom Streissguth. Discovering Cultures- Russia. Moscow. www.pbase.com/hiker_photograph/image/48246979. Irkutsk, in Siberia. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2004. Capstone Press. 1998. The language spoken is Russian. Russia ABCs. http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Borscht-I/Detail.aspx.