Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

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Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

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1	Erich Fromm (1900-1980). The most	15	marketing orientation. 11/10/2015. (c)
	beautiful as well as the most ugly	15	Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	inclinations are not part of a fixed and	16	The Evil Character Type. Lover of
	biologically given human nature but result		death and decay, destroying for the sake
	from the social processes which create		of destruction, preferring the mechanical
	[us]. --Erich Fromm. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie		over the human, trying to reduce humans to
	Johnson 2005-2010.		mechanisms, to dehumanize: the
2	Fromm’s roots. Fromm was born in		necrophilous character type. The opposite
	Frankfurt, Germany, March 23,1900, in an		of necrophilous is biophilous, or lover of
	orthodox Jewish family. His father was a		life, the healthy personality. 11/10/2015.
	businessman, grandfather was a rabbi, and		(c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	his mother's uncle was a well-known	17	On the Continuum from Love of Life to
	scholar of the Talmud. Fromm himself		Love of Death. The productive character is
	became (in his own words) an atheistic		also biophilous. The receptive, hoarding,
	mystic. He is a very interesting thinker,		exploiting, marketing characters have
	often paradoxical. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie		components of "love of death"
	Johnson 2005-2010.		(or necrophilia) in them. How much? It
3	An atheistic MYSTIC? Fromm said:		depends how strong the orientation is. The
	" There is no one without a religious		necrophilous character is evil and
	need, a need to have a frame of		death-loving. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie
	orientation and an object of		Johnson 2005-2010.
	devotion." " Man is the only	18	Ways of Life: To Have or To Be? The
	animal for whom his own existence is a		having mode leads us to live life as a
	problem which he has to solve, and from		consumer and to see ourselves as a
	which he cannot escape. He cannot go back		commodity. We define ourselves by what we
	to the prehuman state of harmony with		have and accomplish. This is what as
	nature; he must proceed to develop his		Christians, we might call the "false
	reason until he becomes the master of		self". The being mode leads us to
	nature, and of himself." From: Fromm,		live life authentically, without hiding
	Erich (1950) Psychoanalysis and Religion,		behind a mask. It is about living life,
	Yale University Press: New Haven and		being not building ourselves up. This
	London, p. 25 and p. 23. 11/10/2015. (c)		would be living out of one's true-self, a
	Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		Christ-like way to live. 11/10/2015. (c)
4	What about God? "While it is not		Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	possible for man to make valid statements	19	We are a mixture… The ideal would be
	about the positive, about God, it is		to always live out of one's "being
	possible to make such statements about the		mode". In fact, we are only partially
	negative, about idols. Is it not time to		able to live this way. We need to grow
	cease to argue about God, and instead to		into more authenticity. We need to become
	unite in unmasking of contemporary forms		less afraid and less sensitive to peer and
	of idolatry?" From: Fromm, Erich		societal pressure. We need to work at
	(1950) Psychoanalysis and Religion, Yale		building a society that encourages a
	University Press: New Haven and London, p.		productive and life-loving orientation.
	118. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	2005-2010.	20	Where are you on the
5	What idols? Our own idea of God, the		"having"/"being"
	words we use and reify about God --because		continuum? Consider where you are on the
	the Bible prohibits making an image of God		polarities described in the 6 following
	in any form (p.115) The deification of		slides. Keep a note of your scores and add
	state and of power (p.118) The deification		them at the end to see where you rate
	of machine and success(p.119) From: Fromm,		yourself on the having-being continuum.
	Erich (1950) Psychoanalysis and Religion,		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	Yale University Press: New Haven and	21	Insecurity/Security. If 1= insecurity,
	London. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson		showing itself in one's fear of loosing
	2005-2010.		possessions, status, job, reputation And
6	WWI: starting to search for answers.		10= security, sense of being OK, no matter
	Fromm was 14 when WWI started. He saw most		what happens (because you are yourself,
	of his professors, who seemed to be		not your possessions, grades, jobs,
	rational, normal, bright people, somehow		reputation…) Where are you? (give yourself
	become infected by the spirit of the time,		a score between 1 and 10). 11/10/2015. (c)
	and becoming irrational, hateful,		Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	antisemitic nationalists. He wanted to	22	Antagonism/Solidarity. If
	know how this transformation took place,		1=antagonism, that is to say, perceiving
	what caused people to "sell out"		yourself in competition with others in a
	their freedom, to be destructive and		win-loose dynamic, afraid that others will
	hateful etc. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson		take your possessions, or job, or status.
	2005-2010.		And 10=solidarity, that is to say, fo you,
7	Do we try to run from freedom? Yes, we		sharing with others is enjoyable, you live
	often do. We'd like someone else to take		in a win-win dynamic Where are you? (give
	responsibility for our actions. This way,		yourself a score between 1 and 10).
	we will not be blamed if things go wrong.		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	If a situation is frightening, we may want	23	Pleasure/joy. If 1=pleasure, that is
	somebody to take charge for us, and we are		to say seeking peaks of excitement,
	ready to surrender our freedom in order to		maximizing sensory enjoyment, being driven
	be safe. When we are frightened, we might		by strong passion And 10=joy, that is to
	attempt to control a situation, push it		say enjoying being alive, growing,
	into a mold, make others behave so that it		participating, learning, encountering the
	gives us the outcome we want. 11/10/2015.		newness of life Where are you? (give
	(c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		yourself a score between 1 and 10).
8	How do we run from freedom? Fromm		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	consider 3 psychic escape mechanisms:	24	Understanding of sin. If 1=avoiding
	Authoritarianism : seeking to control/ to		sin to avoid punishment and guilt,
	be controlled --wanting an absolute, very		repentance and submission being the main
	clear and unambiguous authority		elements of forgiveness of sin. If
	Destructiveness: seeking to eliminate		10=avoiding sin because of not wanting to
	objects or persons perceived as dangerous		betray one's own integrity, and not
	Automaton conformity: surrendering to		wanting to be alienated from God, the main
	rules and norms (even when disagreeing),		elements of forgiveness being
	in order to be safe. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie		reconciliation and healing. Where are you?
	Johnson 2005-2010.		(give yourself a score between 1 and 10).
9	A contemporary application. Here is a		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	link to a blog posting that applies	25	Life and death. If 1=being afraid of
	Fromm's approach to some of the dynamics		death, afraid of loosing one's life and
	currently going on in Iraq (and to nazism		identity, feeling lost, feeling one
	etc as well). What do you think of this		"is nothing" And 10=feeling
	analysis? Would you agree, disagree?		connected to life, focusing on one's love
	11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		for others and their love for oneself
10	Personality Development in Childhood.		Where are you? (give yourself a score
	As children grow they move from dependence		between 1 and 10). 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie
	(less freedom) to autonomy (more freedom)		Johnson 2005-2010.
	Moving toward more freedom is frightening	26	Time. If 1=focusing on the past and
	at times, and these tensions influence the		the future, what I can have, what I might
	parent-child relationship. 11/10/2015. (c)		loose, what will happen to me And
	Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		10=focusing on life as it presents itself
11	The parent-child relationship. The		to me here and now, being in harmony with
	ideal parent-child relationship is love, a		life as it enfolds. Where are you? (give
	balanced relationship, which helps the		yourself a score between 1 and 10).
	child feel secure while assuming		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	progressively more responsibility.	27	Adding your scores. Where are you as
	Sometimes the child and the parent stay		you add your scores? The maximum would be
	too interwoven, in a state of		60, a complete "being"
	symbiotic-relatedness Sometimes the child		orientation, whereas 6 would be a complete
	distances too much too fast, pushes back		"having" orientation. You will
	in a state of withdrawal-destructiveness.		be somewhere in between. 11/10/2015. (c)
	11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
12	What do human beings need? According	28	Interpreting your score. If your score
	to Fromm, all psychological needs come		is below 30, you tend toward the
	from our desire to simultaneously: Be		"having" mode. This sometimes
	free, live authentic lives, but also		happens when people are stressed, or in
	escape loneliness and be secure.		"survival" mode. Is this the
	11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		case for you? Look at again at the various
13	Fromm's Psychological Needs.		areas. Any specific stressors or demands
	Relatedness but also Identity. Need to be		that influence you at this time? If your
	connected, caring and cared for But also		score is above 30, you tend toward the
	Need to develop one's uniqueness.		"being" mode. Hopefully, as we
	Transcendence but also Rootedness. Need to		grow, we move in that direction --though
	rise above our animal nature (creatively		it is certainly a slow and progressive
	or destructively), but also Need for a		movement. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson
	sense of belonging to community, family		2005-2010.
	etc. Excitation but also	29	What do you think of that analysis?
	Frame-of-orientation. Stimulating and		What do you think of where you ended up?
	changing environment But also A consistent		Do you see areas of possible growth? Do
	view of the world and an object of		you think society and its structure and
	devotion. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson		demands plays a role in how you score on
	2005-2010.		some of these? Might someone who lives in
14	About Character Types. The ideal type		circumstances where plain survival is a
	is what Fromm calls the productive type.		challenge tend to be more on one side or
	This person lives an authentic life, is at		the other? 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson
	one with him/herself, and does not attempt		2005-2010.
	to manipulate. The pressures of life and	30	A cautionary quote. We have become
	society, and the choices one makes can		things, and our neighbors have become
	result into distortions of character which		things. The result is that we are
	are non productive or even evil.		powerless and despise ourselves for our
	11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.		impotence. We have no conscience … since
15	The Non Productive Character Types.		we do not dare to trust our own judgment.
	Too much passivity and dependence: the		…We are in the dark and keep up our
	receptive orientation. Never letting go,		courage because we hear everybody else
	stingy, suspicious, compulsive: the		whistle as we do. Man for himself, p.248
	hoarding orientation. Aggressive,		Is Fromm right? What do you think?
	egocentric, rash, seducing: the exploitive		11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson 2005-2010.
	orientation. Selling oneself, becoming a	31	THE END. 11/10/2015. (c) Lucie Johnson
	product, opportunist, aimless: the	31	2005-2010.
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Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

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