Великая Отечественная война
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For 1950-1980, SWBAT:
For 1950-1980, SWBAT:		 Historical Trends in USFP
Historical Trends in USFP		 Historical Trends in USFP
Historical Trends in USFP		 U.S and Soviet Espionage
U.S and Soviet Espionage		 U.S. and Soviet Espionage
U.S. and Soviet Espionage
How Far Did U.S. Go to Prevent the Spread of Communism
How Far Did U.S. Go to Prevent the Spread of Communism		 Iran
Iran
Iran
Iran		 Iran
Iran		 Guatemala
Guatemala		 Guatemala
Guatemala		 Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala		 Guatemala
Guatemala		 Cuba
Cuba		 Cuba
Cuba		 Cuba
Cuba
Cuba
Cuba		 Cuba
Cuba		 Vietnam
Vietnam		 Vietnam
Vietnam		 Vietnam
Vietnam
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На кино в беларуси в 1950 1980

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1U.S. Foreign Policy During the Cold 22(Kennan’s idea) 1950s: John Foster Dulles’
War: 1945-1980. “Spies, Lies, Heroes and policy of “brinkmanship” (Allen Dulles at
Disgrace” Clicker Ch. 48! CIA) 1960s: Dean Rusk promotes “Domino
2For 1950-1980, SWBAT: Analyze USFP Theory”.
Guiding Principles Describe trends in U.S. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino_theory
Foreign Policy (USFP) Analyze major Cold 23What Does this Lead to? World Divided:
War events Evaluate U.S. Foreign Policy First World (U.S. and W. Europe) Second
Decisions. World (U.S.S.R and Satellites) Third World
3Guiding Questions/Principles. Should (poor, developing countries) U.S. willing
the U.S. place our ideals of “freedom” and to SUPPORT ANY GOVT. as long as NOT
“democracy” above our national (economic, COMMUNIST U.S. Sponsored Military
security) interests? Should the U.S. Dictators U.S. Sponsored Coups &
attempt to “spread” democracy throughout Assassinations Short-term and Long-term
the world? (If so, when, where, how, and Implications? Lessons for Today?
to what effect?) What should we do when 24Newly Independent Countries. Third
our ideals and national interests don’t World: Democracy vs. ??? Often US did not
coincide? How should the U.S. deal with favor repression over democracy These
“hostile” nations? areas had no established democratic
4What should guide USFP? Only to spread institutions (govt, media) US supported
ideals (ex: democracy) Mostly to spread anti-communist dictators in an effort to
ideals (ex: democracy) Ideals and prevent communist dictators Coups and
interests equally Mostly U.S. national assassinations Stability ? Trade ?
interests (ex: security) Only U.S. Freedom?
national interests (ex: security) Clicker 25Iran.
Ch 48! www.solarpaces.org/_Libary/map-iran.jpg.
5It’s Personal! Think of relations 26Iran. Both Russia and Britain have
between countries as relationships between ties 1921-1941 Reza Shah dictator Some
people How easy is it to influence/change reforms but harsh rule WWII occupied by
behavior? The relationship leaders have Britain, Soviets, & USA 1941 Mohammad
with each other has a huge impact on Reza Shah in power Promises constitutional
policy Individual goals, values, and monarchy, but… 1951 Nationalize oil
personality Most leaders want to stay in industry (from UK) 1951 Dr. Mossaddeq
power Look strong, good to own people becomes PM Very nationalist, but not
What’s best for them vs. best for country. communist.
6Historical Trends in USFP. 27Iran. US and UK Fear communist
Isolationism (1780s to 1890s) Manifest leanings 1953 CIA sponsors coup of PM Reza
Destiny (1820s to 1890s) Internationalism Shah solidifies power Shah of Iran in
(1890s to 1910s) Return to Isolationism power (1941-1979) Corrupt dictator, but
(pre & post WWI) Dominant some reforms Seen as “puppet” of US
Internationalism (WWII to present) Cold Islamic fundamentalists take power
War (1945-1991) then …. (1979-present) initially promised
7Post WWII Trends. Cold War Fears and democracy.
Misunderstandings Global Ideological http://www.mideastweb.org/iranhistory.htm.
Battle/Competition Capitalism & 28Guatemala.
Democracy vs. Communism End of Colonialism http://www.geographicguide.com/caribbean-m
Nations around world gain independence p.htm.
Growth of International Trade. 29Guatemala. 1931-1944 led by dictator
81940s Timeline of Major Events. 1947: (Ubico) 1944 virtually bloodless
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1947: revolution Ubico flees to live in USA 1945
USA creates CIA 1947: India gains Juan Jose Arevalo Bermej elected Rejected
independence 1948: Israel becomes a nation Marxism but claimed to be a “spiritual
1948: Communists take Czechoslovakia socialist” US cuts off military aid 1952
1948-49: Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1949: Jacobo Arbenz Guzman elected First
Communists (Mao) take over China 1949: peaceful, democratic transfer of power.
Soviets explode atomic bomb 1949: NATO 30Guatemala. Arbenz plan to redistribute
forms. land 2% owned 70% of land Owner paid value
91950s Timeline of Major Events. based on taxes 1.6 million acres U.S.
1950-53: Korean War 1954: CIA supports Based United Fruit Co. World’s biggest
coups in Iran and Guatemala 1954: Soviets banana producer Biggest landowner in
establish KGB 1954: French lose at Dien Guatemala Launches PR campaign against
Bien Phu (Vietnam) 1955: Warsaw Pact forms communists.
1956: Suez War (Israel, UK&Fr. attack 31Guatemala. 1954 CIA trains and equips
Egypt) 1956: Soviets crush liberation force to overthrow govt. Uses propaganda
movement in Hungary 1957: Soviets launch and bombs capital U.S. picked leader takes
Sputnik 1958: US forms NASA 1958: US sends over (Castillo Armas).
marines to Lebanon (civil war) 1959: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~jaherric/Documents
Communists (Castro) take over in Cuba map_guatemala.gif.
1959: Khrushchev visits USA. 32Guatemala. Almost 100% of United
101960s Timeline of Major Events. 1960: Fruit’s land returned Peasant farmers
Soviets shoot down U2 spy plane 1961: Bay forcibly removed 1,000s jailed or to camps
of Pigs invasion of Cuba 1961: Castillo Armas hero in US Guatemala Civil
Construction of Berlin Wall 1961: Kennedy War 1960-1996 50,000 “leftists” killed
forms Peace Corps 1962: Cuban Missile during 1970s 1977 USA cuts military aid
Crisis 1962: US troop buildup in Vietnam 200,000 civilians killed.
begins 1963: President Kennedy 331950s Lesson from Guatemala? Latin
assassinated 1964: Senate ratifies Nuclear American govts. wanting independence from
Test Ban Treaty 1968: Soviets crush revolt US were viewed with distrust, suspected of
in Czechoslovakia, leads to Brezhnev communist leanings Countries cannot be
Doctrine 1968-69: Anti-Vietnam War neutral but must pick sides (US or USSR)
Protests Peak 1969: Apollo 11 lands on the Often play both sides! US will intervene
moon. to protect interests.
111970s Timeline of Major Events. 1972: 34Cuba. geology.com/world/cuba-map.gif.
Nixon visits China and USSR 1972: Senate 35Cuba. 1940s: Democratically elected
ratifies SALT I 1973: First Oil Crisis govts. 1952: Coup led by Batista, US
(OPEC) 1974: Nixon resigns over Watergate supports Corruption in govt.; more
1975: US pulls out of Vietnam 1979: Second dictatorial July 1953 Castro coup fails
Oil Crisis (OPEC) 1979: Soviets invade Jailed (serves 3 of 15 years) After
Afghanistan 1979: Iranians hostage crisis release met Che Guevara Dec. 1956 Castro
at U.S. Embassy 1980: Ronald Reagan reenters: Civil War US encouraged Batista
Elected. to leave.
12Was Fear of Communism Real? YES! 36Cuba. 1959 Fidel Castro takes power US
(but…) Soviet spies in the West Soviet recognized, but soon tried to remove
support of communism in world Communism Castro was nationalizing US companies
and Capitalism incompatible? At the time, April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion CIA sent
very hard for either side to see middle 1,500 Cuban exiles to invade Total Failure
ground The Power of Fear Domestic for US Oct. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
conditions impact foreign policy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7YkJxQT_0Y
13Politicians Use “Fear” to Get Elected. 37Cuba. Castro is longest serving
1952: Eisenhower elected by labeling dictator in Western Hemisphere (1959-2008)
Truman too passive against Soviets 1960: Brother Raul Castro took over Castro
Kennedy elected by blaming claims 638 assassination attempts.
Eisenhower-Nixon for Soviets lead in 38Vietnam. French colony after WWII
missiles 1968 & 1972: Nixon elected by Wanted independence South leader Ngo Dinh
taking strong anti-communist stance 1980: Diem Corrupt, dictatorial, but not
Reagan elected by promising to close communist.
“window of vulnerability” with USSR. geology.com/world/vietnam-map.gif.
14Thinking Question. To what extent do 39Vietnam. Defeats France at Dien Bien
politicians/leaders today use fear to help Phu (1954) Vietnam split at 17th parallel
get elected and stay in office? Just 1963 US supports military coup of Diem
because you’re paranoid, doesn’t mean Increased instability, US troops increase.
people aren’t watching you. 40Vietnam. 1963 Kennedy considers
15U.S and Soviet Espionage. 1940s: Steve pulling out 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Nelson and Clarence Hiskey gave USSR info 1968 Nixon elected with “secret plan” to
on Manhattan Project Nathan Silvermaster end war Bombs Cambodia illegally 1970
mole in US govt. Soviet agent Andrei Anti-war Protests peak 1973 Most US troops
Schevchenko pressured defense workers to pull out.
give high tech secrets Hundreds of Soviet 41US Troops in Vietnam. 1961 – 2,000
agents in US. 1963 – 16,000 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin
16U.S and Soviet Espionage. Alger Hiss Resolution 1965 – 184,000 1966 – 385,000
(1950) Ethel and Julius Rosenberg 1969 – 542,000 1973 – Most forces leave
convicted in 1951 for sharing atomic 1975 – US evacuates embassy; remaining
secrets; executed 1953 U2 spy flights over forces leave.
USSR (began 1957). 42Costs of Vietnam. Total deaths 58,000
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/spies1.html 300,000 wounded Cost of $150 billion
17U.S. and Soviet Espionage. Pop Culture 570,000 draft dodgers 563,000
Reflects Tensions “Bond. James Bond” (by less-than-honorable discharge 1975 –
Ian Fleming) First Book published 1953 Communists unite Vietnam.
(Casino Royale) First Movie Dr. No (1962) 43Lessons of 1945-1980? Consider both
Dr. No wants to destroy a U.S. moon rocket Short-term and Long-term Goals National
2nd Movie From Russia with Love (1963) vs. Corporate interests Our ideals and
Bond helps a Soviet corporal defect. national interest can conflict – What
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ii1tc493bZM then? Military engagement should be last
18Thinking Question. How are foreign resort Nationalism is not Communism
policy events/issues reflected in pop “Nation-building” is hard, if not
culture today? impossible Defense Sec. Gates speech (Feb.
19How & Where was Cold War Fought? 2011) Leadership & personality matter!
Military Technology Arms Race and MAD In 44How can the US deal with “rogue”
Space Newly Independent Countries Aid, leaders/countries? Military force and/or
ideas, and war Kennedy’s inaugural address covert operations Economic sanctions and
1/20/61. trade More Trade = More Freedom? Moral
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xE0iPY7XGBo persuasion The Power of Social Networking!
at 1 min. Concept of BATNA (R. Fisher & W. Ury,
20Arms Race & Space Race. Technology 1981) “Best Alternative to a Negotiated
= Power Atomic Bomb Hydrogen Bomb Fear of Agreement" Analyze the
Missile Gap (ICBMs) vs. Reality. needs/values/motives of other side What is
21Arms Race & Space Race. Sputnik likely to happen if you walk away? Are
(1957) NASA (1958) Kennedy’s promise leaders doing what’s best for them or
“…because it is hard” Land on moon by end country?
of 1960s Moon landing in 1969. 45How did we do? SWBAT: Analyze USFP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VIBmVZPWmI Guiding Principles Describe trends in U.S.
at 8 minutes. Foreign Policy (USFP) Analyze major Cold
22How Far Did U.S. Go to Prevent the War events Evaluate U.S. Foreign Policy
Spread of Communism? 1940s: Truman Decisions.
Doctrine (1947) to “contain” Communism
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